Benzamidine Explained

Benzamidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H5C(NH)NH2. It is the simplest aryl amidine. The compound is a white solid that is slightly soluble in water. It is usually handled as the hydrochloride salt, a white, water-soluble solid.[1]

Structure

Benzamidine has one short C=NH bond and one longer C-NH2 bond, which are respectively 129 and 135 pm in length, respectively.[2]

The triangular diamine group gives it a distinctive shape which shows up in difference density maps.

Applications

Benzamidine is a reversible competitive inhibitor of trypsin, trypsin-like enzymes, and serine proteases.[3]

It is often used as a ligand in protein crystallography to prevent proteases from degrading a protein of interest. The benzamidine moiety is also found in some pharmaceuticals, such as dabigatran.

Condensation with various haloketones provides a synthetic route to 2,4-disubstituted imidazoles.[1]

Notes and References

  1. 10.15227/orgsyn.081.0105. Preparation of 2,4-Disubstituted Imidazoles: 4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Phenyl-1H-Imidazole. Organic Syntheses. 2005. 81. 105. Bryan . Li . Charles K-F . Chiu . Richard F. . Hank . Jerry . Murry . Joshua . Roth . Harry . Tobiassen. free.
  2. 10.1107/S0108270196006282. Benzamidine. 1996. Barker. J.. Phillips. P. R.. Wallbridge. M. G. H.. Powell. H. R.. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 52. 10. 2617–2619.
  3. Tanizawa. Kazutaka. Ishii. Shin-ichi. Hamaguchi. Kazo. Kanaoka. Yuichi. 1971-05-01. Proteolytic Enzymes. VI. Aromatic Amidines as Competitive Inhibitors of Trypsin. The Journal of Biochemistry. 69. 5. 893–899. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129540. 5577153. 0021-924X.