A becard is a bird of the genus Pachyramphus in the family Tityridae.
The genus Pachyramphus was introduced in 1839 by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in the volume on birds by John Gould that formed part of Charles Darwin's Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle.[1] [2] [3] The type species was designated by Gray in 1840 as the green-backed becard (Pachyramphus viridis).[4] The generic name is from the Ancient Greek pakhus meaning "stout" or "thick" and rhamphos meaning "bill".[5]
The genus had traditionally been placed in Cotingidae or Tyrannidae, but evidence strongly suggests that it is better placed in the family Tityridae, where it is now placed by the IOC.[6]
The genus contains eighteen species:[7]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pachyramphus viridis | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. | ||
| Pachyramphus xanthogenys | south Colombia, east Ecuador, central Peru | ||
| Pachyramphus versicolor | Barred becard | from Costa Rica to northwestern Ecuador and northern Bolivia. | |
| Pachyramphus spodiurus | Ecuador and far northern Peru. | ||
| Pachyramphus rufus | Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela | ||
| Pachyramphus castaneus | Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia and regions of Venezuela | ||
| Pachyramphus cinnamomeus | Cinnamon becard | south-eastern Mexico south to north-western Ecuador and north-western Venezuela | |
| Pachyramphus polychopterus | White-winged becard | Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. | |
| Pachyramphus marginatus | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. | ||
| Pachyramphus albogriseus | Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela. | ||
| Pachyramphus salvini | Ecuador and Peru. | ||
| Pachyramphus major | Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. | ||
| Pachyramphus surinamus | Glossy-backed becard | Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. | |
| Pachyramphus homochrous | Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. | ||
| Pachyramphus minor | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. | ||
| Pachyramphus validus | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru. | ||
| Pachyramphus aglaiae | south-easternmost Arizona and extreme southern Texas of the United States to western Panama. | ||
| Pachyramphus niger | Jamaica. | ||
Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus Pachyramphus including:
The becards are characterized by their large heads with a slight crest. The smaller members of this genus have graduated tails and most members are sexually dimorphic, although the cinnamon becard and the chestnut-crowned becard have similar plumages for the males and females. Juvenile becards resemble the adult females in plumage and, as far as known, obtain their adult plumage after about a year. The bills of the becards are grey, and many (but not all) have a black culmen or upper mandible. Their legs are dark gray.
They are primarily found in Central and South America, but the rose-throated becard occurs as far north as southern United States and, as suggested by its common name, the Jamaican becard is restricted to Jamaica.[9] Depending on the species, they are found in wooded habitats ranging from open woodland to the dense canopy of rainforests.
The nest of a becard is a bulky globular mass of dead leaves, mosses, and fibers with the entrance near the bottom of the nest. Nests are typically wedged or slung from the outer branches of trees at the mid or upper levels.