Bark isolate explained

Bark isolates are chemicals which have been extracted from bark. Prominent medical examples are salicylic acid (active metabolite of aspirin) and paclitaxel (Taxol). The pharmacology of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research.

IsolateBark sourceResearched activity
Paclitaxel, taxanesTaxuschemotherapeutic
PaeonolPaeonia suffruticosa[1] various
Honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, magnolol, obovatolMagnolianeurotrophic & anti-inflammatory
Salix alba antipyretic, analgesic
Yohimbine, corynanthine, ajmalicine, rauwolscinewest African evergreenMAOI, stimulant
beta-carbolines, harmala alkaloidsnumerousMAOI
Cinnamon, camphor, cinnamaldehydeCinnamomumblood sugar stabilizer, antioxidant
Quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, cinchonineCinchonaantipyretic, analgesic, antimalarial
Sassafras
Huáng bǎiAmur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense)TCM
StrictamineAlstonia scholaris
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)demulcent
Geniposidic acidEucommia ulmoides
N-methyltryptamine, serotonin analogsnumerous species from Brazil, Mexico, Taiwanserotonin agonist, neuroimmunologic modulator
QuassinQuassia amaravarious
CelastrolTripterygium wilfordii[2] various
MitraphyllineCat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa)anti-inflammatory
Ellagic acid, rutin, gallic acid, ethyl gallate[3] Ailanthus altissimavarious
Coronaridine, voacangine, ibogamine, ibogaine, tabernanthineVoacanga africana, Tabernanthe iboganeuroimmunologic modulator
Lapachol, quercetinPau D'Arco (Handroanthus impetiginosus)
IcariinEucommiaPDE5 inhibitor
BaicalinOroxylum indicumprolyl endopeptidase inhibitor
Frankincense, incensoleBoswellia sacra, Boswelliaincensole is a TRPV3 agonist
QS21Quillaja saponaria (soap bark tree)potential immunologic adjuvant
Sandalwood oil, α-Santalol, β-SantalolSandalwood (Santalum)Ayurvedic component
Bergenin, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin, diptoindonesin ABergenia ligulata, Dryobalanops aromatica, Mallotus japonicuscomponent of Ayurvedic medicine "Paashaanbhed"
Phenolic lactonesCaesalpinia paraguariensiscomponent of Bolivian traditional medicine
ErythravineErythrina mulunguBrazilian medicinal plant
Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory compoundsPsidium guajava (Guava tree)component of traditional medicine
Perfume resinAgarwood / Oud Woodaromatherapy
Opopanax, balsam, bdellium, bisabolMyrrh (Commiphora)component of Eastern-Mediterranean, Middle-Eastern, and North-African, traditional medicine
Rotenoids, piscidoneJamaican dogwood (Piscidia piscipula)component of Caribbean traditional medicine

Notes and References

  1. Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, etal . Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2. . Phytomedicine . 2014 . 21. 7. 984–91. 24680370 . 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.012 .
  2. Yang H, Chen D, Cui QC, Yuan X, Dou QP . Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice. . Cancer Res . 2006 . 66 . 9 . 4758–65 . 16651429 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4529 .
  3. Lou KQ, Tang WZ, Wang XJ . [Study on chemical constituents from flowers of Ailanthus altissima]. ]. Zhong Yao Cai . 2012 . 35 . 10 . 1605–7 . 23627124 .