Banana streak virus explained

Banana streak virus (BSV) is a name given to various plant viruses in the genus Badnavirus.

Banana streak was first identified in 1958 in Côte d’Ivoire and is now in many countries in the tropics.^[1] The primary symptoms of disease are chlorotic streaks on the banana leaves and splitting of their pseudostem. In later stages of the disease, these streaks may become necrotic, and the heart of the pseudostem may rot, ultimately leading to death of the plant.^[2]

Although not necessary to complete the life cycle, members of Caulimoviridae (as well as Geminiviridae) have been shown to integrate into their host genomes.^[3] When the host is stressed, the integrated genome of BSV may be able to recombine out into its episomal form, though the mechanism is not well understood.^[4] While there are several copies of BSV in Musa species, only one appears to be viable in this sense. Other copies have undergone mutations that result in premature stop codons or otherwise render the genome dysfunctional.^[5]

Notes and References

1. Fargette. D. Molecular Ecology and Emergence of Tropical Plant Viruses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.. 2006. 44. 235–60. 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.120705.104644. 16784403. etal.
2. Iskra-Caruana. M-L. A Four-Partner Plant-Virus Interaction: Enemies Can Also Come from Within. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 2010. 23. 11. 1394–1402. 10.1094/MPMI-05-10-0107. 20923349. etal. free.
3. Harper. G. Viral Sequences Integrated into Plant Genomes. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.. 2002. 40. 119–136. 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.120301.105642. 12147756. etal.
4. Iskra-Caruana. M-L. A Four-Partner Plant-Virus Interaction: Enemies Can Also Come from Within. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 2010. 23. 11. 1394–1402. 10.1094/MPMI-05-10-0107. 20923349. etal. free.
5. Gayral. P. A Single Banana Streak Virus Integration Event in the Banana Genome as the Origin of Infectious Endogenous Pararetrovirus. J. Virol.. July 2008. 82. 13. 6697–6710. 10.1128/JVI.00212-08. 18417582. 2447048. etal.