An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, zone, entity, unit, region, subdivision, province, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy—self-governance—under the national government. Autonomous areas are distinct from the constituent units of a federation (e.g. a state, or province) in that they possess unique powers for their given circumstances. Typically, it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the state or populated by a national minority, which may exercise home rule. Decentralization of self-governing powers and functions to such divisions is a way for a national government to try to increase democratic participation or administrative efficiency or to defuse internal conflicts. States that include autonomous areas may be federacies, federations, or confederations. Autonomous areas can be divided into territorial autonomies, subregional territorial autonomies, and local autonomies.
See also: List of autonomous areas by country.
| Division | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Azad Kashmir | Controlled by: Claimed by: | Azad Kashmir is a self-governing polity which has not been formally annexed by Pakistan. It was established after a rebellion against the Maharajah of Kashmir, and the subsequent First Kashmir War.[1] It is located within the historic Kashmir region, which is disputed between India, Pakistan and China. |
| Three of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, namely Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, each have an elected, devolved legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The Parliament of the United Kingdom which retains sovereignty (the United Kingdom is a unitary state), can dissolve the devolved legislatures at any time, and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (by constitutional convention, without the agreement of the devolved legislature). Formerly, both Scotland and England were fully sovereign states. | ||
| Sui generis City, the Lord Mayor is accorded precedence over all individuals except the sovereign and retains various traditional powers, rights, and privileges, including the title and style The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London. | ||
| The two autonomous territories[2] (Danish: land, Faroese: land, Kalaallisut; Greenlandic: nuna) of the realm of the Kingdom, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, each have an elected devolved legislature which has the ability to legislate in devolved matters. The Kingdom Parliament 'Folketinget' retains sovereignty (The Kingdom of Denmark is a unitary state) and legislates in matters that are not devolved, as well as having the capacity to legislate in areas that are devolved (this does not normally occur without the agreement of the devolved legislature). | ||
| Tobago | The Tobago House of Assembly is a devolved legislature that is responsible for the island of Tobago.[3] | |
 Serbia | ||
| Kosovo / Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija | Claimed by: Serbia Controlled by: | In 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared itself as an independent state. Its international recognition is split between those who recognize it as an independent state and those who view it as an autonomous province of Serbia under United Nations administration. |
 Finland | ||
 Portugal | Although Portugal is an unitary state, its two autonomous regions have elected, devolved legislatures (Regional Legislative Assemblies of the Azores and Madeira) and local government (Governments of the Azores and Madeira) which have the ability to legislate in devolved matters. | |
| Bangsamoro |  Philippines | |
 Papua New Guinea | ||
 Somalia | Somaliland is a self-declared independent state, although it is internationally considered an autonomous region in northwestern Somalia. | |
| Atlántico Norte | ||
| Atlántico Sur | ||
 Mauritius | ||
| Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria | ||
| Zanzibar | ||
| Nakhchivan |  Azerbaijan | |
| Adjara |  Georgia | |
| Abkhazia / Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia | De jure: Georgia Controlled by: | In 1999, the Republic of Abkhazia declared its independence from Georgia after the 1992–1993 war. Georgia and most of the U.N. member states have not recognized Abkhazia's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Republic; its independence is recognized by Russia and three other U.N. member states. |
| Gorno-Badakhshan |  Tajikistan | |
| Republic of Crimea / Autonomous Republic of Crimea | De jure:  UkraineControlled by: | The 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia is not recognized by most countries, including Ukraine. |
| Karakalpakstan |  Uzbekistan | |
| Gagauzia | ||
| Transnistria / Left Bank of the Dniester | Claimed by: Controlled by: | In 1990, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, commonly known as Transnistria) declared its independence from the Soviet Union. While Moldova has not formally recognized Transnistria's independence and still has an administrative apparatus for the claimed Autonomous Territorial Unit, its independence is recognized by 3 other non-UN member states. |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | ||
 Chile | In 2007, the Chamber of Deputies of Chile passed a law designating both as "special territories", granting them more autonomy.[4] Additionally, the Juan Fernandez Islands archipelago is a commune, while Easter Island is both a commune and a province. | |
| Barbuda (1976) |  Antigua and Barbuda | |
 Fiji | ||
| Kurdistan Region (2005) |  Iraq | |
| (1967) |  Saint Kitts and Nevis | |
| Autonomous Region of Príncipe (1995) | ||
 Norway | Although it does not fit the definition of autonomous area (not possessing partial internal sovereignty), Svalbard has the sovereignty of Norway limited by the Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 and therefore is considered as having special status (as it is considered fully integrated with Norway, and not a dependency, it is a sui generis case). | |
 Germany | Heligoland, Germany: Although it is part of a German state, Schleswig-Holstein, it has been excluded of some European Union normatives, such as customs union and the Value Added Tax Area. | |
| Büsingen am Hochrhein | Despite being integral parts of their respective countries, these two enclaves of Switzerland predominantly use the Swiss franc as currency and are in customs union with Switzerland. | |
| Campione d'Italia |  Italy |
Guernsey, the Isle of Man, and Jersey are self-governing Crown Dependencies which are not part of the United Kingdom; however, the UK is responsible for their defence and international affairs.
| Division | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Anguilla |  United Kingdom | |
 Bermuda | ||
 Cayman Islands | ||
 Gibraltar | ||
 Montserrat | ||
 Pitcairn | ||
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | ||
 Turks and Caicos Islands |
Gibraltar is a self-governing overseas territory of the UK. Most of the other 13 British Overseas Territories also have autonomy in internal affairs through local legislatures.
| Division | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Aruba | ||
 Netherlands |
| Division | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Alsace (2021) |  France | single territorial collectivity |
| (2018) | single territorial collectivity | |
| French Guiana | overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity | |
| Guadeloupe | overseas region and department | |
| Martinique | overseas region and department and single territorial collectivity | |
 Mayotte | overseas region and department | |
| Réunion | overseas region and department | |
 French Polynesia | overseas collectivity | |
| overseas collectivity | ||
| Saint-Martin | overseas collectivity | |
| overseas collectivity | ||
 Wallis and Futuna | overseas collectivity | |
 New Caledonia | sui generis collectivity |
See main article: Overseas collectivity.
The French Constitution recognises three autonomous jurisdictions. Corsica, a region of France, enjoys a greater degree of autonomy on matters such as tax and education compared to mainland regions. New Caledonia, a sui generis collectivity, and French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity, are highly autonomous territories with their own government, legislature, currency, and constitution. They do not, however, have legislative powers for policy areas relating to law and order, defense, border control or university education. Other smaller overseas collectivities have a lesser degree of autonomy through local legislatures. The five overseas regions, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion, are generally governed the same as mainland regions; however, they enjoy some additional powers, including certain legislative powers for devolved areas.
| Division | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Cook Islands |  New Zealand | |
 Niue | ||
 Tokelau |
In Ethiopia, "special woredas" are a subgroup of woredas (districts) that are organized around the traditional homelands of specific ethnic minorities, and are outside the usual hierarchy of a kilil, or region. These woredas have many similarities to autonomous areas in other countries.
| Division | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nisga'a |  Canada | |
| Haida Nation | ||
 United States | ||
| Pine Ridge Indian Reservation | ||
| Emberá-Wounaan |  Panama | |
| Kuna de Madugandí | ||
| Kuna de Wargandí | ||
| Kuna Yala | ||
| Ngöbe-Buglé | ||
| Naso Tjër Di Comarca |
Other areas that are autonomous in nature but not in name are areas designated for indigenous peoples, such as those of the Americas:
Faroe Islands
Greenland
Hong Kong