Didymella rabiei explained

chickpea ascochyta blight
Common Names:chickpea ascochyta, ascochyta blight, blight of chickpea
Causal Agents:Didymella rabiei
Hosts:chickpea
Eppo Codes:MYCORA
Distribution:worldwide in chickpea growing regions
Taxid:JYNV00000000
Ploidy:aneuploid[1]
Chromosomes:12-16
Size:34.65[2]
Year:2016

Didymella rabiei, commonly called chickpea ascochyta blight fungus, is a fungal plant pathogen of chickpea. Didymella rabiei is the teleomorph of Ascochyta rabiei, which is the anamorph, but both names are the same species.[3]

Names

The specific epithet rabiei refers to Italian: rabbia del cece or 'rabies of chickpea', a name for the disease.[4] [5]

The disease is also referred to as ascochyta blight but there are other fungal species that cause diseases in other pulse species that also go by that term. It also goes by the name blight of chickpea.[6] In French it is called French: anthracnose du pois-chiche (lit. 'chickpea anthracnose') or French: ascochytose du pois-chiche ('chickpea ascochyta').[6] In German it is referred to as German: Anthraknose: Kichererbse (anthracnose: chickpea').[6] It is called Spanish; Castilian: ascoquita del garbanzo ('garbanzo ascochyta') or Spanish; Castilian: rabia del garbanzo ('rabies of garbanzo') in Spanish.[6]

Signs and symptoms

Once ascochyta blight has infected a healthy chickpea plant, it will start to develop lesions on all aerial plant parts. If a seed pod becomes infected, it may initially be asymptomatic, but will eventually develop dark lesions on the surface of the seed coats.

Description

D. rabiei has a spherical punctiform and membranous pyrenium, at first lutescent then opening to a rounded black ostiole.[5] It has numerous elliptical and hyaline spores or varying size.[5] The fungus survives within the infected crop debris from the previous growing season. It requires the infected debris, because it does not produce resting spores that allow it to survive in the soil during the winter. When surviving in crop debris, it typically lasts longer if exposed to drier conditions. When both compatible mating types of the fungus are present, it is able to develop a pseudothecia that produces airborne spores. These airborne spores play a major role in the dispersal of the pathogen. [7]

Hosts

D. rabiei is known for infecting cultivated annual chickpea (Cicer arietinum),[8] but also commonly infects other wild perennial chickpea species such as Cicer monbretti, Cicer ervoides,[1] Cicer judaicum,[9] and Cicer pinnatifidum.[10]

Other host species include:

Proper management practices

The most important way to protect susceptible crops from this pathogen is to use resistant cultivars when planting. However, this disease has multiple mating types, and may lead to pathogen resistance if the same cultivars are repeatedly used. To add to this, there are a number of cultural practices that can help reduce the vigor of D. rabiei. These include, but are not limited to: using certified disease free seed, rotation to new crops every 2 or 3 years, and planting in wide rows with adequate spacing. [7]

Effects on aquafaba

A chemical analysis of aquafaba indicated that a number of proteins in a particularly well-performing batch were found to be versions from D. rabiei, specifically tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase, o-acyltransferase, oxidoreductase, histone H3, and histone H2B.[12] It is unclear how much of an effect these proteins have on the properties of aquafaba.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Akamatsu. Hajime O.. Chilvers. Martin I.. Kaiser. Walter J.. Peever. Tobin L.. Karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal rearrangement in populations of the phytopathogenic fungus, Ascochyta rabiei. Fungal Biology. November 2012. 116. 11. 1119–1133. 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.07.001. 23153803. 2012FunB..116.1119A . English. 1878-6146. 5902581684.
  2. Verma. Sandhya. Gazara. Rajesh Kumar. Nizam. Shadab. Parween. Sabiha. Chattopadhyay. Debasis. Verma. Praveen Kumar. Draft genome sequencing and secretome analysis of fungal phytopathogen Ascochyta rabiei provides insight into the necrotrophic effector repertoire. Scientific Reports. 19 April 2016. 6. 24638. 24638. 10.1038/srep24638. 27091329. 4835772. 6029350225. 2016NatSR...624638V.
  3. Trapero-Casas. Antonio. Kaiser. Walter J.. Development of Didymella rabiei, the Teleomorph of Ascochyta rabiei, on Chickpea Straw. Phytopathology. November 1992. 82. 11. 1261–1266. 10.1094/Phyto-82-1261. 27 February 2018. English. 0031-949X. 193649327. https://web.archive.org/web/20180515043712/https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1992Articles/Phyto82n11_1261.pdf. 15 May 2018. live.
  4. Trotter . A. . La " rabbia " o " antracnosi " del Cece ed il suo produttore . Rivista di Patologia Vegetale . Series II . 1 August 1918 . 9 . 7 . 114 . 42559634 . 23 April 2024.
  5. Passerini. Giovanni. Giovanni Passerini. Primo elenco di Funghi Parmensi. Commentario - Societa Crittogamologica Italiana, Milan. December 1864. 2. 1. 497. 21 February 2018. First list of Mushrooms of Parma. Italian. PDF. Pyrenium globosum punctiforme membranaceum, primo lutescens dein nigrum osculo rotundato reclusum. Sporae numerosae ellipsoideae hyalinae magnitudine variae, plasmate granuloso repletae, madore erumpentes. Nella sommità de' ceci coltivati ne' campi e colpiti dalla così detta rabbia onde rapidamente periscono..
  6. Web site: . Didymella rabiei (MYCORA)[Overview]]. EPPO Global Database. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 21 February 2018. Europe. English. 1 February 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20180222043650/https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MYCORA. 22 February 2018. live.
  7. Web site: Ascochyta Blight (Garbanzo Beans) / Dry Beans / Agriculture: Pest Management Guidelines / UC Statewide IPM Program (UC IPM). 2021-05-12. www2.ipm.ucanr.edu.
  8. Web site: . chick pea blight (Didymella rabiei). Plantwise Knowledge Bank. CABI. 26 February 2018. English.
  9. Frenkel. Omer. Peever. Tobin L.. Chilvers. Martin I.. Özkilinc. Hilal. Can. Canan. Abbo. Shahal. Shtienberg. Dani. Sherman. Amir. Ecological Genetic Divergence of the Fungal Pathogen Didymella rabiei on Sympatric Wild and Domesticated Cicer spp. (Chickpea). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 6 November 2009. 75. 1. 30–35. 10.1128/AEM.01181-09. 19897759. English. 0099-2240. 2798644. 505983590.
  10. Can. Canan. Özkilinc. Hilal. Kahraman. A.. Ozkan. H.. Robertson. Alison E.. First Report of Ascochyta rabiei Causing Ascochyta Blight of Cicer pinnatifidum. Plant Disease. July 2007. 91. 7. 908. 10.1094/PDIS-91-7-0908C. 30780415. English. 0191-2917. 4661716178.
  11. Chilvers. Martin I.. Horton. T. L.. Peever. Tobin L.. Kaiser. W. J.. Muehlbauer. F. J.. Robertson. Alison E.. First Report of Ascochyta Blight of Vicia hirsuta (Hairy Tare) in the Republic of Georgia Caused by Ascochyta sp. Plant Disease. December 2006. 90. 12. 1555. 10.1094/PD-90-1555A. 30780990. English. 0191-2917. 202785383.
  12. Shim. Youn Young. Mustafa. Rana. Shen. Jianheng. Ratanapariyanuch. Kornsulee. Reaney. Martin J. T.. Martin Reaney. Composition and Properties of Aquafaba: Water Recovered from Commercially Canned Chickpeas. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 10 February 2018. 132. e56305. 10.3791/56305. 29553544. 5912395. 24 February 2018. English. 7317651690.

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