Arterial tree explained

In anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries. This article regards the human arterial tree. Starting from the aorta:

the following are the parts

It is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.

posterior interventricular artery (mostly)
SA nodal artery (in 60%)
Right marginal artery

anterior interventricular
- septal
- diagonal
circumflex
- SA nodal artery (in 40%)
- posterior interventricular artery (occasionally)
- Left marginal arteries
- posterolateral artery
ramus intermedius (sometimes)

right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery

left common carotid artery (directly from arch of aorta on left mostly)

ophthalmic artery
- Orbital group
  - Lacrimal artery
    - lateral palpebral arteries
    - zygomatic branches
    - recurrent branch
  - Supraorbital artery
    - superficial branch
    - deep branch
  - Posterior ethmoidal artery
    - meningeal branch
    - nasal branches
  - Anterior ethmoidal artery
    - anterior meningeal artery
    - nasal branches
    - superior palpebral arch
    - inferior palpebral arch
  - Supratrochlear artery
  - Dorsal nasal artery
    - twig to the upper part of lacrimal sac
    - to root of nose
    - dorsum of the nose
- Ocular group
  - Long posterior ciliary arteries
    - Circulus arteriosus major
    - Circulus arteriosus minor
  - Short posterior ciliary arteries
  - Anterior ciliary artery
  - Central retinal artery
  - Muscular artery
anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
- anterolateral central arteries
  - internal striate
  - external striate
posterior communicating artery

Arising in carotid triangle^[1]
- Superior thyroid artery
  - Hyoid (infrahyoid) artery
  - Sternocleidomastoid artery
  - Superior laryngeal artery
  - Cricothyroid artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
  - cervical
    - Ascending palatine artery
    - Tonsillar branch
    - Submental artery
      - superficial branch
      - deep branch
    - Glandular branches
  - facial
    - Inferior labial artery
    - Superior labial artery
    - Lateral nasal branch
    - Angular artery - the terminal branch
- Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Terminal branches
- Maxillary artery
  - First portion
    - Deep auricular artery
    - Anterior tympanic artery
    - Middle meningeal artery
      - anterior and posterior
        ophthalmic artery (very rarely)
        
        superior tympanic artery
        
        vessels to semilunar ganglion
        
        superficial petrosal branch
        
        Orbital branches
        
        Temporal branches
    - Inferior alveolar artery
      - incisor branch
      - mental branch
      - lingual branch
      - mylohyoid branch
    - Accessory meningeal artery
  - Second portion
    - Masseteric artery
    - Pterygoid branches
    - Deep temporal arteries (anterior and posterior)
    - Buccal artery
  - Third portion
    - Sphenopalatine artery, terminal branch
      - posterior lateral nasal branches
      - posterior septal branches
    - Descending palatine artery
      - greater palatine artery
      - lesser palatine arteries
    - Infraorbital artery
      - orbital branches
      - anterior superior alveolar arteries
    - Posterior superior alveolar artery
    - branches to alveolar canals
    - branches to gingiva
    - Pharyngeal artery
    - Artery of pterygoid canal
- Superficial temporal artery
  - Transverse facial artery
  - Middle temporal artery
  - Anterior auricular branch
  - frontal branch
  - parietal branch

Left subclavian artery (directly from arch of aorta on left)

Meningeal branches of vertebral artery
Posterior spinal artery
- ascending branch
- descending branch
Anterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- medial branch
- lateral branch
Basilar artery
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  - labyrinthine artery
- pontine branches

Mediastinal branches
Thymic branches
Pericardiophrenic artery
Sternal branches
Perforating branches
six anterior intercostal branches
- upper branches
- lower branches of the space anastomoses
Musculophrenic artery
- intercostal branches (three)
- branches to lower part of the pericardium
- branches to diaphragm
- branches to abdominal muscles
Superior epigastric artery

inferior thyroid artery
suprascapular artery
transverse cervical artery
- Superficial branch
- Deep branch/Dorsal scapular artery (sometimes)

Deep cervical artery
Supreme intercostal artery
- 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery

Axillary artery

Superior thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
- acromial
- pectoral
- clavicular
- deltoid
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery

Brachial artery

Profunda brachii artery
- radial collateral artery
- medial collateral artery
- branches to the deltoid muscle
Superior ulnar collateral artery
- Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
- Ascending branches
- Descending branches
radial artery
- radial branches in the forearm
- Radial recurrent artery
- Palmar carpal branch of radial artery
- Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
- radial branches at the wrist
- Dorsal carpal branch of radial artery
- First dorsal metacarpal artery
- radial branches in the hand
- Princeps pollicis artery
- Radialis indicis
- Deep palmar arch
ulnar artery
- anterior ulnar recurrent artery
- posterior ulnar recurrent artery
- common interosseous artery
- posterior interosseous artery
  - interosseous recurrent artery
- anterior interosseous artery
  - muscular branches
  - nutrient arteries of radius and ulna
  - branch to volar carpal network
- muscular artery
- volar carpal
- palmar carpal arch
- dorsal carpal
- dorsal carpal arch
- deep volar
- superficial volar arch

bronchial arteries
esophageal arteries
mediastinal branches
Lower 9(3rd to 11th) posterior intercostal arteries
subcostal arteries
superior phrenic arteries

celiac

left gastric artery
- hepatic branch
- oesophageal branch
common hepatic artery
- proper hepatic artery
  - Terminal branches
    - right hepatic artery
      - Cystic artery
    - left hepatic artery
  - right gastric artery
- gastroduodenal artery
  - right gastro-omental artery
  - superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
splenic artery
- dorsal pancreatic artery
- short gastric arteries
- left gastro-omental artery
- Bühler's anastomotic artery

middle suprarenal

Anterior and posterior

arcuate artery
- interlobular artery
  - afferent arteriole
  - efferent arteriole
    - descending vasa recta
    - peritubular capillaries

testicular artery in males
ovarian artery in females

lumbar

left colic artery
- ascending branch
- descending branch
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

median sacral

Anterior division

obturator artery
superior vesical artery
Vaginal artery (females) / inferior vesical artery (males)
middle rectal artery
internal pudendal artery
- inferior rectal artery
- perineal artery
- posterior scrotal branches in males/posterior labial branches in females
- urethral artery
- artery of bulb of penis in males / artery of bulb of vestibule in females
- dorsal artery of penis in males / dorsal artery of clitoris in females
- deep artery of penis in males / deep artery of clitoris in females
inferior gluteal artery
- Accompanying artery of ischiadic nerve
Uterine artery (females) / deferential artery (males)
- Vaginal artery (sometimes)
(obliterated) umbilical artery

Posterior division

iliolumbar artery
- Lumbar branch
- Iliac branch
lateral sacral artery
- Superior
- Inferior
superior gluteal artery
- Superficial branch
- Deep branch

Inferior epigastric artery
Deep circumflex iliac artery
femoral artery
- superficial epigastric artery
- Superficial circumflex iliac artery
- Superficial external pudendal artery
- Deep external pudendal artery
- Deep femoral artery
  - Lateral femoral circumflex artery
    - ascending branch
    - descending branch
    - transverse branch
  - Medial femoral circumflex artery
    - ascending branch
    - descending branch
      - superficial branch
      - deep branch
      - acetabular branch
  - Perforating arteries
    - first perforating artery
    - second perforating artery
    - third/fourth perforating artery
- Descending genicular artery
  - Saphenous branch
  - Musculo-articular branch

anterior tibial artery
- post. tibial recurrent artery
- ant. tibial recurrent artery
- muscular branches
- anterior medial malleolar artery
- anterior lateral malleolar artery
- Dorsalis pedis artery
posterior tibial artery
- fibular artery (sometimes from popliteal artery)
  - communicating branch to the anterior tibial artery
  - perforating branch to the posterior tibial artery
- medial plantar artery
- lateral plantar artery
sural artery
medial superior genicular artery
- Branch to vastus medialis
- Branch to surface of the femur and the knee-joint
lateral superior genicular artery
- superficial branch
- deep branch
middle genicular artery
medial inferior genicular artery
- branch to popliteus
lateral inferior genicular artery

Notes and References

Web site: Human Anatomy - Lab 25 Step 12 . 2007-10-18 . 2016-03-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160317160435/http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/L25/120100.htm . dead .