Arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) explained

arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin)
Ec Number:	1.20.4.1
Go Code:	0008794

Arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

arsenate + glutaredoxin

\rightleftharpoons arsenite + glutaredoxin disulfide + H₂O

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are arsenate and glutaredoxin, whereas its 3 products are arsenite, glutaredoxin disulfide, and water.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donor with disulfide as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutaredoxin:arsenate oxidoreductase.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 12 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes,,,,,,,,,,, and .

References

• Gladysheva T, Liu J, Rosen BP . 1996 . His-8 lowers the pKa of the essential Cys-12 residue of the ArsC arsenate reductase of plasmid R773 . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 33256 - 60 . 8969183 . 10.1074/jbc.271.52.33256 . 52 . free .
• Gladysheva TB, Oden KL, Rosen BP . 1994 . Properties of the arsenate reductase of plasmid R773 . Biochemistry . 33 . 7288 - 93 . 8003492 . 10.1021/bi00189a033 . 23 .
• Book: Holmgren A, Aslund F . 1995 . Glutaredoxin . Methods Enzymol. . 252 . 283 - 92 . 7476363 . 10.1016/0076-6879(95)52031-7 . 978-0-12-182153-1 .
• Silver S . 1994 . Arsenate reductase of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid PI258 . Biochemistry . 33 . 23 . 7294 - 7299 . 10.1021/bi00189a034 . Garber . Eric A. E. . Armes . L. Gene . Chen . Chih-Ming . Fuchs . James A. . Silver . Simon . 8003493.
• Krafft T, Macy JM . 1998 . Purification and characterization of the respiratory arsenate reductase of Chrysiogenes arsenatis . Eur. J. Biochem. . 255 . 647 - 53 . 9738904 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2550647.x . 3 .
• Martin JL . 1995 . Thioredoxin--a fold for all reasons . Structure . 3 . 245 - 50 . 7788290 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00154-X . 3 . free .
• Messens J, Hayburn G, Desmyter A, Laus G, Wyns L . 1999 . The essential catalytic redox couple in arsenate reductase from Staphylococcus aureus . Biochemistry . 38 . 16857 - 65 . 10606519 . 10.1021/bi9911841 . 51 .
• Radabaugh TR, Aposhian HV . 2000 . Enzymatic reduction of arsenic compounds in mammalian systems: reduction of arsenate to arsenite by human liver arsenate reductase . Chem. Res. Toxicol. . 13 . 26 - 30 . 10649963 . 10.1021/tx990115k . 1 .
• Sato T, Kobayashi Y . 1998 . The ars operon in the skin element of Bacillus subtilis confers resistance to arsenate and arsenite . J. Bacteriol. . 180 . 1655 - 61 . 9537360 . 7 . 10.1128/JB.180.7.1655-1661.1998 . 107075 .
• Shi J, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Aslund F, Holmgren A, Rosen BP . 1999 . Reactivity of glutaredoxins 1, 2, and 3 from Escherichia coli shows that glutaredoxin 2 is the primary hydrogen donor to ArsC-catalyzed arsenate reduction . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 36039 - 42 . 10593884 . 10.1074/jbc.274.51.36039 . 51 . free .