RARS (gene) explained

Arginyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RARS gene.^{[1] [2]}

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.^[2]

Genetics

Mutations in RARS cause hypomyelination.^[3]

Interactions

RARS (gene) has been shown to interact with QARS.^[4]

Further reading

• McCune SA, Yu PL, Nance WE . A genetic study of erythrocyte arginine-tRNA synthetase activity in man . Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae . 26 . 1 . 21–7 . 1977 . 562050 . 10.1017/S0001566000010151 . free .
• Norcum MT . Structural analysis of the high molecular mass aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex. Effects of neutral salts and detergents . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 266 . 23 . 15398–405 . August 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98629-1 . 1651330 . free .
• Wang HY, Pan F . Kinetic mechanism of arginyl-tRNA synthetase from human placenta . The International Journal of Biochemistry . 16 . 12 . 1379–85 . 1985 . 6530022 . 10.1016/0020-711X(84)90244-1 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . January 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . September 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . October 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Rho SB, Lee JS, Jeong EJ, Kim KS, Kim YG, Kim S . A multifunctional repeated motif is present in human bifunctional tRNA synthetase . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 18 . 11267–73 . May 1998 . 9556618 . 10.1074/jbc.273.18.11267 . free .
• Quevillon S, Robinson JC, Berthonneau E, Siatecka M, Mirande M . Macromolecular assemblage of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: identification of protein-protein interactions and characterization of a core protein . Journal of Molecular Biology . 285 . 1 . 183–95 . January 1999 . 9878398 . 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2316 .
• Park SG, Jung KH, Lee JS, Jo YJ, Motegi H, Kim S, Shiba K . Precursor of pro-apoptotic cytokine modulates aminoacylation activity of tRNA synthetase . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 24 . 16673–6 . June 1999 . 10358004 . 10.1074/jbc.274.24.16673 . free .
• Kim T, Park SG, Kim JE, Seol W, Ko YG, Kim S . Catalytic peptide of human glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is essential for its assembly to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 28 . 21768–72 . July 2000 . 10801842 . 10.1074/jbc.M002404200 . free .
• Kang J, Kim T, Ko YG, Rho SB, Park SG, Kim MJ, Kwon HJ, Kim S . Heat shock protein 90 mediates protein-protein interactions between human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 41 . 31682–8 . October 2000 . 10913161 . 10.1074/jbc.M909965199 . free .
• Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J . Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides . Nature Biotechnology . 21 . 5 . 566–9 . May 2003 . 12665801 . 10.1038/nbt810 . 23783563 .
• Ling C, Yao YN, Zheng YG, Wei H, Wang L, Wu XF, Wang ED . The C-terminal appended domain of human cytosolic leucyl-tRNA synthetase is indispensable in its interaction with arginyl-tRNA synthetase in the multi-tRNA synthetase complex . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 280 . 41 . 34755–63 . October 2005 . 16055448 . 10.1074/jbc.M413511200 . free .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Research . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . January 2006 . 16344560 . 1356129 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 .
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D . Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry . Molecular Systems Biology . 3 . 1 . 89 . 2007 . 17353931 . 1847948 . 10.1038/msb4100134 .
• Bottoni A, Vignali C, Piccin D, Tagliati F, Luchin A, Zatelli MC, Uberti EC . Proteasomes and RARS modulate AIMP1/EMAP II secretion in human cancer cell lines . Journal of Cellular Physiology . 212 . 2 . 293–7 . August 2007 . 17443684 . 10.1002/jcp.21083 . 11392/521544 . 27371659 .

Notes and References

1. Girjes AA, Hobson K, Chen P, Lavin MF . Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding a human arginyl-tRNA synthetase . Gene . 164 . 2 . 347–50 . October 1995 . 7590355 . 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00502-W .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RARS arginyl-tRNA synthetase.
3. Wolf NI, Salomons GS, Rodenburg RJ, Pouwels PJ, Schieving JH, Derks TG, Fock JM, Rump P, van Beek DM, van der Knaap MS, Waisfisz Q . Mutations in RARS cause hypomyelination . Annals of Neurology . 76 . 1 . 134–9 . July 2014 . 24777941 . 10.1002/ana.24167 . 27717491 .
4. Kim T, Park SG, Kim JE, Seol W, Ko YG, Kim S . Catalytic peptide of human glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is essential for its assembly to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 28 . 21768–72 . July 2000 . 10801842 . 10.1074/jbc.M002404200 . free .