Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia explained

Jurisdiction:Archdiocese
Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia
Latin:Archidioecesis Sancti Angeli de Lombardis–Compsana–Nuscana–Bisaciensis
Country:Italy
Province:Benevento
Area Km2:1,290
Population:78,000 (est.)
Population As Of:2020
Catholics:77,050 (guess)
Parishes:36
Denomination:Catholic Church
Rite:Roman Rite
Established:8th Century
Cathedral:Cattedrale di S. Michele Arcangelo (Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi)
Cocathedral:Concattedrale della Natività della Vergine Maria (Bisaccia)
Concattedrale di S. Maria Assunta (Conza di Campania)
Concattedrale di S. Stefano (Nusco)
Priests:31 (diocesan
23 (Religious Orders)
4 Permanent Deacons
Bishop Title:Archbishop
Bishop:Pasquale Cascio
Website:www.diocesisantangelo.it

The Archdiocese of Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia (Latin: Archidioecesis Sancti Angeli de Lombardis–Compsana–Nuscana–Bisaciensis) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Campania. It has existed since 1986. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Benevento.[1] [2]

Organizational changes

The archdiocese of Conza existed from the eighth century to 1986. From 1818 to 1921, it was the archdiocese of Conza e Campagna, and then, from 1921 to 1986, the archdiocese of Conza-Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Bisaccia. After 1986 it became part of the archdiocese of Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia. The current archdiocese, therefore, has incorporated, with Conza, the diocese of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Bisaccia and the diocese of Nusco.

History

Conza, a city of the province of Avellino, Southern Italy, was twice destroyed by earthquakes (980, 1694), and was at one time nearly abandoned. The first known Bishop of Conza is Lando, who was present at the Roman synod of 743 held under Pope Zachary.[3] In 989, the diocese of Conza was a suffragan (subordinate) of the archbishops of Salerno.[4]

In 990, a very strong earthquake struck the area of Benevento. In Conza half the town was destroyed, and, according to the "Chronicon Cassinense", the bishop was killed in the disaster.[5]

The archbishopric

On 22 July 1051, Pope Leo IX, who was visiting the monastery of Montecassino, confirmed the rights, privileges, and possessions of the Church of Salerno. These included the right of consecrating the bishops of Conza.[6] Decisions by Pope Alexander II (1061–1073) and by Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085) also confirmed the subordinate status of the bishops of Conza to the archbishops of Salerno.[7] The bishops resided either in their feudal stronghold of Santomenna or at Campagna.

On 20 July 1088, at the request of Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, Pope Urban II again confirmed the rights and privileges of the archbishops of Salerno. He again stated that the diocese of Conza was a suffragan of the metropolitan of Salerno.[8] He remarks, however, that the bishops of Acerenza and Conza have taken to calling themselves metropolitan archbishops, though he does not know why. He allows them to keep the title and he will grant pallia, but they are both still subordinate to the metropolitan of Salerno, and both the archbishop of Salerno and the papal legate must participate in the selection of an archbishop of Acerenza and of Conza.[9]

The suffragan dioceses of the archdiocese of Conza, at the end of the 12th century, were: Muro Lucano, Satriano, Monteverde, Lacedonia, S. Angelo de' Lombardi, and Bisaccia.[10]

Frederick II

The Emperor Frederick II was not an attentive monarch when it came to the appointment of bishops in his realms, particularly in southern Italy. On 25 September 1225, Pope Honorius III wrote him a particularly tart letter, announcing that he had taken action to fill episcopal posts which had long been vacant. These were Capua, Salerno, Brindisi, Conza, and Aversa.[11] For Conza, he appointed the Prior of the monastery of S. Maria de Urbe, Andreas. The bearer of the letter was the new archbishop of Salerno, whom the pope expected Frederick to receive courteously (exhibitorem praesentium vultu sereno recipiat).[12]

The Sede vacante of 1268 to 1274

The previous archbishop of Conza had died in 1268, some time before the death of Pope Clement IV, on 29 November 1268. The meeting of the canons of the cathedral Chapter to elect a successor produced a double election, of Andrea de Albeto and of the priest Roger of Eliseum. Appeal was taken to Pope Clement IV, who assigned Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Cardinal Deacon of S. Niccolo in Carcere, to examine the case as papal Auditor. Hearings were held, and oaths were taken, but the case was not decided. The death of the pope brought on the longest vacancy in papal history, during which no legal rulings could be issued and no bishops appointed or approved.

Clement's successor, Pope Gregory X (Tedaldo Visconti), accepted the papal office in early February 1272, and reassigned the case to Cardinal Orsini. He then set out for Lyon, to preside at an ecumenical council, which was to open on 1 May 1274. But the pope subsequently decided, on 18 August 1274, to hand over the case to the Archbishop of Capua to rehear and issue a decision, and, with papal authority, to carry out the consecration of an archbishop for Conza.[13]

In 1672, the city of Conza had a population estimated at 350 persons; in 1759, the population was estimated at 600 persons.[14] The great earthquake of 1732 struck as Mass was in progress in the cathedral. The cathedral fell in. Fifty of those in attendance were killed, the other twenty-five wounded in various degrees of seriousness. Many houses were destroyed copmpletely, the rest were seriously damaged.[15]

After Napoleon

Following the extinction of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, the Congress of Vienna authorized the restoration of the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Since the French occupation had seen the abolition of many Church institutions in the Kingdom, as well as the confiscation of most Church property and resources, it was imperative that Pope Pius VII and King Ferdinand IV reach agreement on restoration and restitution.

A concordat was finally signed on 16 February 1818, and ratified by Pius VII on 25 February 1818. Ferdinand issued the concordat as a law on 21 March 1818.[16] The re-erection of the dioceses of the kingdom and the ecclesiastical provinces took more than three years. The right of the king to nominate the candidate for a vacant bishopric was recognized, as in the Concordat of 1741, subject to papal confirmation (preconisation).[17] On 27 June 1818, Pius VII issued the bull De Ulteriore, in which he reestablished the metropolitan archbishopric of Conza. At the same time he abolished the diocese of Satriano, which had been united aeque principaliter with the diocese of Campagna, and incorporated the territory of Satriano into the diocese of Campagna. The diocese of Campagna was assigned to the archdiocese of Conza, in such a way that the archbishop of Conza was also the perpetual administrator of the diocese of Campagna.[18]

Nineteenth Century

In 1885, the diocese of Conza had a total population of 75,371 in twenty-seven parishes. The seminary had eleven teachers and forty students.[19]

Chapter and cathedral

The cathedral church of Conza is dedicated to the Assumption of the body of the Virgin Mary into heaven. The original building was destroyed in the earthquakes of the late 10th century.

It was administered by a corporate body called the Chapter, composed of three dignities (the Archdeacon, the Cantor, and the Primicerius) and eight canons. There were also minor clergy, who carried out religious functions in the cathedral.[20] In 1885, the Chapter consisted of three dignities (Archdeacon, Cantor, Primicerius) and six canons, one of whom was Canon Theologus.[21]

Diocese of Campagna

The city of Satriano, which was the seat of a bishop, was completely deserted. At the request of the Emperor Charles V, in his capacity as King of Naples, Pope Clement VII created the diocese of Campagna on 19 June 1525, uniting it with the diocese of Satriano, aeque personaliter (two dioceses with one and the same bishop). Both were assigned to the metropolitanate of Salerno. The city of Campagna belonged to the Marchesi Grimaldi.[22] The cathedral church of Campagna was dedicated to S. Antoninus.

The see was vacant from 1793 to 1818, when Pope Pius VII placed it under the perpetual administratorship of the archbishop of Conza. In 1885, the diocese of Conza had a total population of 75,371 in twenty-seven parishes. The diocese of Campagna had ten parishes with 19,674 Catholics.[23]

By a decree of Pope Benedict XV on 30 September 1921, the diocese of Campagna became independent of the archdiocese of Conza.[24] On 4 August 1973, the Archbishop of Salerno, Gaetano Pollio (1969-1984), was also named bishop of Campagna.[25] The three dioceses of Salerno, Acerno, and Campagna were held aeque principaliter. On 30 September 1986, by a decree of Pope John Paul II, the three dioceses were united into one entity, the archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno.[26]

Diocesan Reorganization

Following the Second Vatican Council, and in accordance with the norms laid out in the council's decree, Christus Dominus chapter 40,[27] Pope Paul VI ordered a reorganization of the ecclesiastical provinces in southern Italy. He ordered consultations among the members of the Congregation of Bishops in the Vatican Curia, the Italian Bishops Conference, and the various dioceses concerned.

On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat. Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, was abolished. The Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese.

On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the dioceses of Conza, S. Angelo dei Lombardi, Bisaccio, and Nusco be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Archidioecesis Sancti Angeli de Lombardis-Compsana-Nuscana-Bisaciensis. The seat of the diocese was to be in S. Angelo dei Lombardi, and its cathedral was to serve as the cathedral of the merged diocese. The cathedrals in Conza, Bisaccio, and Nusco were to have the honorary titles of "co-cathedral"; the cathedral Chapters were each to be a Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one diocesan Tribunal, in S. Angelo, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council. The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the suppressed dioceses. The new diocese was to be a suffragan of the archdiocese of Benevento.[28]

Bishops of Conza

Erected: 8th Century
Latin Name: Compsana

[Petrus][29]

Archbishops of Conza

Elevated: 11th Century
Latin Name: Compsana

1100 to 1422

...

...

...

...

Sede vacante (1253–1254)[38]

Sede vacante (1268–1274)[41]

1422 to 1811

Andrea Matteo Palmieri (1535 Resigned) Administrator[58]

Archbishops of Conza e Campagna

United: 27 June 1818 with the Diocese of Satriano e Campagna
Latin Name: Compsana et Campaniensis

Sede vacante (1811–1818)[71]

Archbishops of Conza-Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Bisaccia

United: 30 September 1921 with the Diocese of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia
Territory Lost: 30 September 1921 to form the Diocese of Campagna
Latin Name: Compsana-Sancti Angeli de Lombardis-Bisaciensis
Metropolitan See

Archbishops of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia

United: 30 September 1986 with the Diocese of Nusco
Latin Name: Sancti Angeli de Lombardis-Compsana-Nuscana-Bisaciensis

See also

Roman Catholic Diocese of Satriano e Campagna

Bibliography

Episcopal lists

Studies

External links

40.9333°N 15.1833°W

Notes and References

  1. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dscnb.html "Archdiocese of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia"
  2. http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/zang0.htm "Archdiocese of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi–Conza–Nusco–Bisaccia"
  3. Kehr IX, p. 505: "Primus quem novimus episcopus Lado sive Ladu concilio Romano a Zacharia pp. a. 743 celebrato interfuit (Mon. Germ. Concilia. II 23)." Benigni is ceertainly wrong in his Catholic Encyclopedia article, where he names Pelagius as the earliest known bishop of Conza. Pelagius was bishop of Cosenza.
  4. Kehr IX, p. 505: "lam tune episcopatus Consanus in bulla lohannis XV a. 989 iul. 12 data (v. IP. VIII 346 n. 11; JL. 3833) inter suffraganeos Salernitanae metropolis recensetur."
  5. J.P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus Tomus CLXXIII (Paris 1854), p. 596, gives the date 990, October 25. "Compsanam civitatem prope mediam evertit, ejusque episcopum cum aliis multis occidit." Kehr IX, p. 505.
  6. Ughelli VII, p. 379: "Confirmamus etiam tibi ipsum ex integro archiepiscopatum Salernitanum cum sibi adjacentibus parochiis suis. Et insuper licentiam et potestatem damus ordinandi et consecrandi in his subjectis nobis locis, hoc est, Pestanensem episcopatum cum parochiis et adjacentiis suis, et Nolanum, et Consanum cum parochiis et adjacentiis suis, necnon Malvitanum, et Cusentinum, simulque episcopatum Bisunianensem, atque episcopatum Acerentinum cum omnibus parochiis et adjacentiis eorum."
  7. Kehr IX, p. 507. J. von Pflugk-Harttung, Acta pontificum Romanorum inedita Vol. II (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1884), p. 139, no. 172: "Dominus et antecessor noster, beatae memoriae papa A(lexander), sicut vis xcire non ambigimus, constituit, ut Compsana ecclesia subdita sit Salernitanae ecclesiae. Cuius auctoritatem immo antecessorum illius, qui idem prius constituisse videntur, iuste et salubriter sequentes decernimus, ut ipsa in ea que matricibus debetur ecclesiis, obedientia et devltione praefatae Salernitanae ecclesiae subiaceat."
  8. Kehr IX, p. 507, no. 3. "tibi deinceps tuisque successoribus super Consanam et Acheruntinam Ecclesias et earum suffraganeos primatum gerere ex Apostolicae Sedis liberalitate concedìmus."
  9. Aloysius Tomassetti (ed.), Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum romanorum pontificum. Taurensis editio. Tomus II (Turin: Franco & Delmazzo 1859), p. 191: "Verum, et ipsae, qua nescimus ratione, et pallei dignitatem et privilegiorum auctoritatem praeteriiis temporibus a Sede Apostolica meruerunt. Verum, quia praedecessorum nostrorum statuta iuconvulsa et intemerata manere cupimus, eis quidem propriae dignitatis gratiam conservamus, ut archiepiscopali honore ac nomine potiantur; vestrae vero Ecclesiae suorum privilegiorum integritatem hoc ordine restituimus. Quidquid igitur reverentiae, quidquid subectionis primatibus persolvendum, sacrorum canonum decreta constituunt, tibi deinceps tuisque successoribus legitimis a Consano et Acberuntino archiepiscopo persolvatur."
  10. Kehr IX, p. 506.
  11. "Sane videntes quod diutina Capuanae, Salernitame, Brundusinae, Consanae, ac Aversanae ecclesiarum vacatio in grave non solum rerum, sed etiam animarum periculum redundabat, et attendentes, quod id nobis, et tibi imputabatur publice ab hominibus, ac ne imputaretur a Deo anxie metuentes, ipsis ecclesiis, et famae, ac saluti nostra, tuaeque simul curavimus providere ipsas ecclesias respectu ad solum Deum habito de personis tibi merito acceptandis, utpote scientia, vita, et fama conspicuis oriundis de regno...."
  12. P. Pressuti, Regesta Honorii papae III Vol. II (Rome: Typis Vaticanis 1895), pp. 370-371, no. 5655. Eubel I, p. 202.
  13. Jean Guiraud, Les registres de Gregoire X (Paris: Thorin 1892), p. 149, no. 391. Eubel I, p. 202.
  14. Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 166, note 1; VI, p. 176, note 1.
  15. Mario Baratta (1901), I terremoti d'Italia: Saggio di storia, geografia e bibliografia sismica (Torino: De Bocca 1901), p. 222.
  16. F. Torelli (1848), La chiave del concordato dell'anno 1818 I, second edition (Naples: Fibreno 1848), pp. 1-19.
  17. Torelli I, p. 9.
  18. Bulliarii Romani Continuatio Tomus 25 (Rome 1853), p. 57, § 10: "Archiepiscopalis ecclesia Compsana habebit suffraganeas ecclesias episcopales sancti Angeli Lombardorum, Laquedoniensem, et Muranam: supprimentes vero ecclesiam Satrianensem, alteri episcopali ecclesiae Campaniensi usque adhuc aeque principaliter unita m, moderno et prò tempore existenti metropolitanae ecclesiae Compsanae antistiti administrationem praedictae episcopalis ecclesiae Campaniensis cum integro etiam Satrianensi territorio dioecesano perpetuo tribuimus; ita ut Compsanus archiepiscopus, et Campaniénsis episcopalis ecclesiae administrator debeat inposterum nuncupari....."
  19. Giuseppe Bertolotti (1885), Statistica ecclesiastica d'Italia Savona: A. Ricci 1885), pp. 573-575.
  20. Ughelli VI, pp. 799, 801-802 (update by Bishop Francesco de Nicolai of Capaccio; in ancient documents, he read that there had been thirty prebends, which became limited to four dignities and eight canons).
  21. Bertolotti (1885), Statistica ecclesiastica d'Italia, p. 574.
  22. G. Moroni (ed.), Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica Vol. III (Venice: Emiliana 1841), p. 97. Cappelletti XX, p. 536.
  23. Giuseppe Bertolotti (1885), Statistica ecclesiastica d'Italia Savona: A. Ricci 1885), pp. 573-575.
  24. Acta Apostolicae Sedis 14 (Città del Vaticano 1922), pp. 190-192
  25. Acta Apostolicae Sedis 65 (1973), p. 502: "Cathedrali Ecclesiae Campaniensi Exc. P. D. Caietanum Pollio, Archiepiscopum Salernitanum."
  26. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dc261.html Catholic Hierarchy page
  27. https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19651028_christus-dominus_en.html Christus Dominus
  28. Acta Apostolicae Sedis 79 (Città del Vaticano 1987), pp. 685-687.
  29. The document, on which the existence of this bishop in 1059 depends, is a forgery: Kehr IX, p. 505: "Praetermittimus Petrum ep., qui occurrit in charta penitus ficta Pandulphi cuiusdam "principis" Compsani a. 967 data."
  30. Kehr IX, p. 506: "in charta 1059 m. nov. data (Cod. dipl. Barese VIII 34 n. 16) Petrus Consan. episcopus occurrit."
  31. D'Avino, p. 223, col. 2. Mattei-Cerasoli (1918), pp. 378-379: "Ego Robertus, Dei gratia Consanae sedis Archiepiscopus...."
  32. Herbertus: Ughelli VII, p. 811-812. Cappelletti XX, pp. 515-516.
  33. Gervasius: Ughelli VII, p. 812, no. 5. Cappelletti XX, p. 516. Kamp, p. 743. Kehr IX, p. 509, nos. 5-6.
  34. Pantaleon: Kamp, pp. 743-744.
  35. Kamp, p. 744.
  36. Jacobus: Kamp, pp. 745-746.
  37. Marinus: Kamp, p. 747.
  38. Kamp, p. 747.
  39. Magister Nicolaus had been a canon of the cathedral of Naples. He was elected by the Chapter of Conza, and approved by Pope Innocent IV on 24 April 1254. He was still archbishop-elect on 30 September 1254. Élie Berger, Les registres d'Innocent IV Vol. III (Paris), p. 411, no. 7504; no. 8071. Kamp, pp. 747-748.
  40. Kamp, p. 749.
  41. Kamp, p. 749. The vacancy on the papal throne, 1268-1271, prevented the confirmation of an archbishop.
  42. Andreas was appointed on 18 August 1274, by Pope Gregory X. Eubel I, p. 202. Kamp, p. 749.
  43. Stephanus: Eubel I, p. 202.
  44. Eubel I, pp. 202-203.
  45. Adenulfus had been Archbishop of Brindisi. He was transferred to the archdiocese of Benevento on 30 January 1301. Eubel I, p. 203.
  46. Following the death of Bishop Consilius Gatti, the cathedral Chapter had requested the pope to transfer Bishop Francis of Gaeta to Conza. Pope John XXII, who was resident at Avignon, rejected their plea. They then elected Leo, a canon of the cathedral Chapter of Conza, which the pope approved on 27 February 1327. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes Vol. VI (Paris: Fontemoing 1912), p. 465, no. 28012. Eubel I, p. 203.
  47. Petrus was Archdeacon of the cathedral Chapter of Conza, and a professor of civil law. Following the death of Archbishop Leo, Petrus was elected archbishop by the Chapter, notwithstanding the fact that Pope John XXII had announced a reservation of the next appointment to the pope. Nonetheless, the pope approved of his election, on 30 October 1332. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes, Vol. XII (Paris: De Boccard 1932), p. 30, no. 58652. Eubel I, p. 203.
  48. Mello was a native of Gaeta, and Prior of the Collegiate Church of S. Giovanni a Mare in Gaeta. He was appointed archbishop of Conza by Pope Boniface IX on 18 May 1390. In 1412, Gregory XII named him administrator of Naples. He was a Councilor of King Ladislaus of Naples, who died on 6 August 1414. Cappelletti XX, pp. 521-522. Eubel I, p. 203
  49. Nicholas had been appointed Bishop of Melfi (1384–1395), by Pope Clement VII. He was appointed archbishop of Conza by Pope Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna) on 29 March 1395. He died in 1409. Eubel I, pp. 203, 335.
  50. Archbishop Nicolaus was transferred to the archdiocese of Rossano on 20 May 1422, by Pope Martin V. Eubel I, pp. 203, 424.
  51. Gasparo had been appointed uncanonically to the diocese of Teano on 30 June 1412 at the age of 22, by Pope Gregory XII (who had been deposed by the Council of Pisa on 5 June 1409; he was therefore only Administrator of Teano for four years. He was appointed archbishop of Conza by Pope Martin V, on 20 May 1422. On 21 February 1438, Archbishop de Diano was appointed Archbishop of Naples. He died on 29 April 1451. Eubel I, pp. 203, 360, 481; II, p. 200.
  52. Latino was appointed archbishop of Conza on 10 March 1438, at the age of 27, by Pope Paul III. On 8 June 1439, Orsini was confirmed as Archbishop of Trani, having served in Conza for less than 15 months. He became a cardinal on 20 December 1448. Eubel II, pp. 134, 254 with note 1.
  53. Raymundus de Strongoli had been Abbot of the Monastery of S. Vitus of the Basilian Order. He was then Bishop of S. Agata dei Goti (1423–1430), and Bishop of Bojano (1430–1439). He was named Archbishop of Conza on 3 July 1439. He died in 1455. Ughelli VII, p. 819 no. 23. Eubel I, pp. 76, 140; II, p. 134.
  54. Giovanni Conti, of the family of the Conti Grati, was appointed by Pope Calixtus III on 26 January 1455. Archbishop Giovanni was named a cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV on 15 November 1483. He resigned his archbishopric on 1 October 1484, in favor of his nephew, Nicolaus, who was only 22 years old. Cardinal Giovanni died in Rome on 20 October 1493, at the age of 79. Ughelli VII, p. 819 no. 24. Eubel II, p. 134 with note 1.
  55. Nicolaus dei Conti was only administrator of the diocese from 1484–1488, due to his youth. Ughelli VI, p. 819 no. 25. Eubel II, p. 134.
  56. Francesco Conti: Ughelli VII, p. 819 no. 26. Eubel II, p. 134.
  57. Gesualdo was born in Naples, the son of Count Loisio of Conza and Johanna Sanseverino. Pope Leo X appointed him at protonotary apostolic. Ughelli VII, p. 820 no. 27.
  58. Cardinal Palmieri was a temporary administrator, for the space of one month: 14 June 1535 to 16 July 1535. He resigned upon the appointment of Archbishop Gesualdo. Ughelli VII, p. 820. Eubel III, p. 175.
  59. Troiano was the son of Count Fabrizio of Conza and Sueva Caracciolo. He was also the nephew of Archbishop Camillo Gesualdo. He was only 24 years of age on appointment by Pope Paul III on 16 July 1535; there is no reference to his consecration as a bishop. He died in 1539. Cappelletti XX, p. 523. Eubel III, p. 175.
  60. Niccolò was the second son of Camillo, third Duke of Sermoneta, and Flaminia Savelli; he was a cousin of Pope Paul III, and was a protonotary apostolic. He was named a cardinal secretly on 22 December 1536, at the age of 12; the appointment was made public on 13 March 1538. He was appointed Administrator of the diocese of Bisignano (from 1537 to 1549). Coterminously he was appointed Archbishop of Conza on 8 August 1539, at the age of 15, by Pope Paul III, though because of his youth he was only Apostolic Administrator; he was not consecrated a bishop. On 5 May 1546 Archbishop Niccolò was appointed Archbishop of Capua, though only with the title of Administrator. He died in Rome on 1 May 1585. L. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa Vol. IV (Roma: Pagliarini 1793), pp. 197-198. Eubel III, pp. 25 no. 20; 134; 151 with notes 7 and 8; 175 with n. 8.
  61. Crescenzi had been named a cardinal in 1542. He was appointed Administrator of Conza by Pope Paul III on the transfer of Cardinal Caetani to Capua, on 5 May 1546. There is no evidence of an episcopal consecration. He died on 28 May 1552 (or 1 June 1552, according to Eubel, p. 175), in Verona, while he was returning to Rome from the Council of Trent, where he had been President since 1550. Cardella, Memorie storiche de' cardinali... IV, pp. 236-238. Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes Vol. XIII (London: Kegan Paul 1924), pp. 91-92. Eubel III, p. 175 with note 9.
  62. In 1545, Politi was named an official papal theologian of the Council of Trent by Pope Paul III. He wrote in condemnation both of Girolamo Savonarola and Giovanni Macchiavelli, and was instrumental in the idea of the Index of Prohibited Books. Under the patronage of Cardinal Marcello Cervini and Cardinal Giovanni Maria Del Monte, Politi was named Bishop of Minori on 27 August 1546. This was over the opposition of the powerful Dominican Master of the Sacred Palace, Bartolomeo Spina, who objected to Politi's theological departures from strict Thomism. On 3 June 1552, Politi was promoted to the archbishopric of Conza, a post he enjoyed for only seventeen months. He was about to be named a cardinal by Pope Julius III (Giovanni Maria del Monte) at the time of his death, on 8 November 1553. P. Preston, "Catharinus versus Luther," in: History 88 (2003), pp. 364-378. S. Dall’Aglio, "Catarino contro Savonarola: reazioni e polemiche,", in: Archivio storico italiano 164 (2006), pp. 55-127. Giorgio Caravale (2015), "Politi, Lancillotto, in religione Ambrogio Catarino,", in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 84 (2015). Eubel III, p. 175.
  63. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgesualds.html "Archbishop Scipione Gesualdo"
  64. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bcocci.html "Archbishop Curzio Cocci"
  65. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/brangoner.html "Archbishop Ercole Rangoni"
  66. Nicolai: Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 176 with note 2.
  67. Orsini: Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 177 with note 3.
  68. Caracciolo: Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 177 with note 4.
  69. Sambiase: Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 177 with note 5.
  70. Mancusi was born in Naples in 1747. He was appointed archbishop of Conza on 26 June 1805, by Pope Pius VII. He died in 1811. Notizie per l'anno 1806 (Roma: Cracas 1806), p. 131.
  71. [Pope Pius VII]
  72. Archbishop De Luca participated in the First Vatican Council. Catalogo alfabetico degli Eminentissimi Cardinali Patriarchi ... che hanno sede nel Concilio 1. Ecumenico Vaticano aperto l' 8 decembre 1869 (Roma: Tip.dell'Osservatore Romano 1870), p. 10.

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