Aptronym Explained

An aptronym, aptonym, or euonym is a personal name aptly or peculiarly suited to its owner: owner's occupation or situations (e.g., workplace).^[1]

Gene Weingarten of The Washington Post coined the word inaptonym as an antonym for "aptonym".^[2]

The word "euonym" (eu- + -onym), dated to late 1800, is defined as "a name well suited to the person, place, or thing named".

History

The Encyclopædia Britannica says that the term was allegedly invented by a columnist Franklin P. Adams, who coined the word "aptronym" as an anagram of patronym, to emphasize "apt".^[3] The Oxford English Dictionary reported that the word appeared in a Funk & Wagnall’s dictionary in 1921, defined as "a surname indicative of an occupation: as, Glass, the glazier".^{[4] [5]} Psychologist Carl Jung wrote in his 1960 book Synchronicity that there was a "sometimes quite grotesque coincidence between a man's name and his peculiarities".^[6]

In the 1966 book What's in a Name?, Paul Dickson, among other peculiar types of surnames, has a section on aptronyms which includes a list of aptronyms selected from his large collection. The latter originated from the one received from professor Lewis P. Lipsitt of Brown University and further expanded with the help of Dickinson's friends, mostly from newspapers and phone books. Some newspaper columnists collect aptronyms as well.^[7]

Notable examples

• Jules Angst, Swiss professor of psychiatry, who has published works about anxiety (angst)^[8]
• Michael Ball, English footballer
• Colin Bass, British bassist in the rock band Camel^[8]
• Lance Bass, bass singer for the American pop boy band NSYNC^[9]
• Mickey Bass, American bassist and musician^[10]
• Layne Beachley, Australian former world champion surfer^[11]
• Alexander Graham Bell, developer of the telephone^[12]
• Bert "Tito" Beveridge, founder of beverage company Tito's Vodka^[13]
• Ian Bishop, Church of England bishop^[14]
• Doctor Willard Bliss, physician who treated President James A. Garfield^[15]
• Sara Blizzard, meteorologist and television weather presenter for the BBC^[8]
• John Blow, English pipe organist at Westminster Abbey^[16]
• Usain Bolt, Jamaican sprinter^[17]
• Doug Bowser, president of Nintendo of America (Bowser is a character from a flagship Nintendo franchise, Super Mario)^[18]
• Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain, neurologist^[19]
• Rosalind Brewer, executive at Starbucks and former director at Molson Coors Brewing Company^{[20] [21]}
• Rosalind Canter, British Olympic equestrienne (woman who rides horses professionally), winner of the 2018 FEI World Equestrian Games^[22]
• Christopher Coke and his father Lester Coke, Jamaican drug lords and cocaine traffickers^[23]
• Margaret Court, Australian tennis player
• Thomas Crapper, British sanitary engineer^{[24] [25]}
• Kutter Crawford, baseball pitcher (cutter)^[26]
• Ed Currie, a world-record holding chili pepper breeder^[27]
• Mark De Man, Belgian football defender (marking an opposing player)^[28]
• David Dollar, American economist^{[29] [30]}
• Carla Dove, American ornithologist who specializes in bird strikes^[31]
• Josh Earnest, the third press secretary for the Obama administration^[32]
• Rich Fairbank, American billionaire and CEO of the Capital One bank, which holds the Fairbanking Mark for offering fair banking products^{[33] [34]}
• Cecil Fielder and Prince Fielder, father-and-son baseball players (fielder)^[35]
• Jeff Float, American swimmer^[36]
• Bob Flowerdew, British gardener and TV/radio presenter^[37]
• Amy Freeze, American meteorologist^[38]
• Kenneth Gainwell, American college and professional football running back^[39]
• William Headline, former Washington bureau chief for CNN^[40]
• Mike Hookem, former UKIP fisheries spokesperson and former MEP involved in a brawl outside the European Parliament; a hook describes a punch in boxing
• Sunny Hostin, American television host^[41]
• John Hunter, Scottish hunter and writer^[42]
• Fielder Jones, baseball player^[43]
• Igor Judge, English judge and Lord Chief Justice^{[44] [45]}
• John Laws, English judge and Lord Justice of Appeal^[46]
• Richard and Mildred Loving, plaintiffs in Loving v. Virginia, which legalized interracial marriage throughout the United States^[47]
• Bernie Madoff, American fraudster and financier, who "made-off" with the money from his investment scheme^[48]
• George McGovern, American politician and senator in the federal government^{[49] [50] [51]}
• Ken Miles, English race car driver and inductee in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America^[52]
• Chris Moneymaker, American poker player and 2003 World Series of Poker champion^[53]
• David W. Music, American composer of church music^[54]
• Eugenius Outerbridge, inaugural chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey; namesake of the Outerbridge Crossing, the outermost bridge between New York and New Jersey^[55]
• Chris Pincher, British politician involved in a groping scandal^{[56] [57]}
• Gabe Pressman, American journalist^[58]
• Eugene Profit, former American football player and current CEO of the investment advisory firm Profit Investment Management^[59]
• Francine Prose, American novelist^[60]
• Jonathan Quick, American professional ice hockey goaltender noted for his quick style of play^[61]
• Immanuel Quickley, NBA point guard known for his speed^{[62] [63]}
• Corona Rintawan, Indonesian physician who led Muhammadiyah's command center for the COVID-19 pandemic^[64]
• Bob Rock, Canadian music producer best known for his works with rock acts such as Metallica and Aerosmith^[65]
• Mat Sadler, English football manager who played for and now manages Walsall, nicknamed "The Saddlers"^{[66] [67] [68]}
• Tennys Sandgren, American tennis player^[69]
• Marilyn vos Savant, American columnist who has been cited for having the world's highest-recorded IQ (savant)^[70]
• Toby Savin, English football goalkeeper (saving)^{[71] [72]}
• Max Schreck, German actor known for playing Count Orlok in the horror film Nosferatu ("Schreck" is the German word for "fright" or "scare")^[73]
• Kayla Sims, American YouTuber and Twitch streamer, best known for playing The Sims 4^[74]
• Anna Smashnova, Soviet-born Israeli tennis player^[75]
• Daniel Snowman, British historian and author of book on polar explorations^[76]
• Larry Speakes, acting White House Press Secretary for the White House under President Ronald Reagan^[77]
• Scott Speed, American racecar driver who has raced in a variety of motorsport, including Formula One and Formula E^{[78] [79] [80]}
• Margaret Spellings, eighth United States secretary of education
• Vania Stambolova, Bulgarian sprinter and hurdler, who stumbled over a hurdle at the 2012 Olympics^[81]
• George Francis Train, entrepreneur who was heavily involved in the construction of the eastern portion of the first transcontinental railroad across the United States^[82]
• Marijuana Pepsi Vandyck, American education professional with a dissertation on uncommon African-American names in the classroom^{[83] [84]}
• Katie Volynets, American tennis player^[85]
• , secretary general of the European Seed Association ("Essen" is the German word for "food", while the uncapitalized word "essen" means "to eat")
• Keith Weed, president of the Royal Horticultural Society^[86]
• Anthony Weiner, American politician involved in sexting scandals^{[38] [87]}
• Emily Wines, American wine professional and board chair of the Court of Master Sommeliers^[88]
• John Minor Wisdom, American judge^[89]
• William Wordsworth, English poet and advocate for the extension of British copyright law^{[90] [91] [24]}
• Early Wynn, baseball pitcher, member of the 300 win club^[92]
• Tiger Woods, American professional golfer; a wood is a type of golf club^[24]
• Mary Yu, associate justice of the Washington Supreme Court who officiated the state's first same-sex marriage^[93]
• Jack Trevor Story, British novelist^[94]

Inaptonyms

• Rob Banks, British police officer^[95]
• Grant Balfour, baseball pitcher ("ball four")^[96]
• Frank Beard, an American musician who, until, was the only member of rock band ZZ Top without a beard^[97]
• Don Black, white supremacist^[8]
• Peter Bowler, cricketer (in fact, primarily a batsman)^[8]
• Samuel Foote, a British actor who lost a leg in a horseriding accident in 1766, and made jokes on stage about "Foote and leg, and leg and foot"^[98]
• Claudio Gentile, Italian footballer known for his strength^{[99] [100] [101]}
• Matt Gobush, spokesperson for Al Gore during his campaign for the 2000 presidential election, which Gore eventually lost to rival George W. Bush^{[102] [103]}
• Ciro Immobile, Italian footballer known for eluding defenders^[104]
• Colleen Lawless, an American lawyer and judge^[105]
• Danielle Outlaw, former Philadelphia Police Commissioner^[106]
• Jaime Sin, Catholic prelate. Upon being made a cardinal in 1976, he gained the further inaptronymic title of "Cardinal Sin"^[8]
• Bob Walk, baseball pitcher^[107]

See also

• Autological word
• -onym
• Nominative determinism, the hypothesis that a person's name can have a significant role in determining key aspects of their job, profession or even character

External links

• Aptonyms-wiki (based on the extinct Canadian Aptonym Centre)
• News: Charol Shakeshaft, Topped! A Yellow Pages of aptronyms . . Timothy . Noah . Timothy Noah . April 12, 2021 .

Notes and References

1. Book: The Study of Names: A Guide to the Principles and Topics . 9780313283567 . Nuessel . Frank . 1992 . Bloomsbury Academic . 18 March 2023 . 18 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230318224600/https://books.google.com/books?id=8ktiAAAAMAAJ&q=aptonym . live .
2. News: Chatological Humor* (UPDATED 7.21.06). Gene Weingarten. 18 July 2006. The Washington Post. 20 September 2017. 4 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170904213102/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2006/07/11/DI2006071100616.html. live.
3. Encyclopedia: 2008 . aptronym . Encyclopædia Britannica . Encyclopædia Britannica Online . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. . 2008-07-19 . 11 May 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090511032659/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/30911/aptronym . live .
4. https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/aptronym-slang-definition Aptronym: Usage and Examples
5. The Desk Standard Dictionary of the English Language, Funk & Wagnalls, 1921, p. 21
6. News: When the name fits the job . Tom . Colls . 20 December 2011 . BBC News. 26 July 2013 . 27 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210327002843/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9664000/9664697.stm . live .
7. Book: Dickson. Paul. What's in a Name? Reflections of an Irrepressible Name Collector. 1996. Merriam-Webster. Springfield, Mass.. 0-87779-613-0. registration. 25–34.
8. Web site: Reckless by name, reckless by nature? (But at least he's not called Rich White) . Nunn . Gary . . 31 October 2014 . 29 July 2016 . 7 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210307103120/https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2014/oct/31/mind-your-language-nominative-determinism . live .
9. News: Holley. Shawn. 20 20 Smart Lists. 15 May 2020. Page Publishing . 9781635684766. 14 October 2020. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125062840/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hus7DwAAQBAJ&q=lance+bass+aptronym&pg=PP28. live.
10. Book: Roberts, Sam. Only in New York: An Exploration of the World's Most Fascinating, Frustrating, and Irrepressible City. Fordham University Press. 2009. 9780823281084. 14 October 2020. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125062840/https://books.google.com/books?id=gIuUDwAAQBAJ&q=millepied+aptronym&pg=PT63. live.
11. News: Wighton . Sue . June 18, 2012 . Apt names pause to ponder fate . 21 March 2024 . The Courier-Mail.
12. Web site: Aptronyms 2014: Are Descriptive Monikers Coincidence or Fate?. Ken. Picard. en-US. 2014-12-24. 2020-12-07. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125062844/https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/aptronyms-2014-are-descriptive-monikers-coincidence-or-fate/Content?oid=2488690. live.
13. Web site: Kirsch . Noah . Inside Tito's Vodka: How A Man Named 'Beveridge' Built A $2.5 Billion Fortune . Forbes. 16 February 2021 . 19 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210819202028/https://www.forbes.com/sites/noahkirsch/2017/10/17/inside-titos-vodka-how-a-man-named-beveridge-built-a-2-5-billion-fortune/ . live .
14. News: 2023-06-15 . Thetford to have Bishop Bishop after royal approval . en-GB . 2023-12-02.
15. Bliss was named for an esteemed local physician, and so given the forename "Doctor", see NYT Staff . 1881 . How Dr. Bliss Got His Name; From the Elmira Advertiser, July 7 . . print . July 9 . 2 February 2016 .
16. Book: Unger-Hamilton . Clive . Music of the Baroque Era . 2005 . Naxos Multimedia Ltd. . 48.
17. Web site: Aptronym - Definitions and Examples in English. Nordquist. Richard. 30 May 2018. 14 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180414174644/https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-aptronym-names-1689129. live.
18. Web site: Doug Bowser & Other People Whose Names Perfectly Fit Their Jobs . Lyn Pesce . Nicole . 22 February 2019 . MarketWatch. Some people seem born into their professions. Take Doug Bowser, the incoming president of Nintendo of America, whose surname is the same as one of the videogame company's most recognizable villains. Bowser, after all, is the evil turtle-dragon hybrid that plucky plumbers Mario and Luigi have to keep rescuing the princess from. . 23 February 2019 . 22 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190222210916/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/doug-bowser-and-other-people-whose-names-perfectly-fit-their-jobs-2019-02-22 . live .
19. Web site: 1995-05-07 . A FIELD DAY WITH APTLY NAMED WORKERS . 2023-11-17 . Chicago Tribune.
20. News: Berman. Laura. 6 September 2017. Starbucks Adds Fittingly Named Rosalind Brewer, Sam's Club Veteran, as COO. The Street. 2017-09-14. 14 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170914125146/https://www.thestreet.com/story/14295568/1/starbucks-adds-fittingly-named-rosalind-brewer-sam-s-club-veteran-as-coo.html. live.
21. Web site: Noah. Timothy. 17 May 2006. Wayne Schmuck, Used-Car Distributor. Slate. 9 May 2022. 14 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170914082617/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/2006/05/wayne_schmuck_usedcar_distributor.html. live.
22. Web site: New Eventing World Champion: Rosalind Canter . Young . Pamela . November 30, 2018 . Horse Sport . Having led the idyllic childhood existence galloping around the family farm... Canter emerged into adulthood, not only with an appropriate surname, but also with a solid basis for her chosen career. . July 27, 2024.
23. News: Haberman . Clyde . 2011-09-01 . When a Person's Name Means What It Says . . 2 December 2018 . 3 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181203060041/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/when-a-persons-name-means-what-it-says/ . live .
24. Web site: MacMillan Dictionary. BuzzWord: Aptronym. 4 March 2008. Maxwell. Kerry. 26 January 2017. 2 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202042913/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/buzzword/entries/aptronym.html. live.
25. Book: Wilton, David. Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends. Oxford University Press. 2008. 137. 9780195375572. 19 September 2020. 19 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819202028/https://books.google.com/books?id=QQovEeLHVl0C&pg=PA137. live.
26. News: Browne . Ian . Boston bets on righty from Sale's alma mater . 11 September 2022 . mlb.com . MLB Advanced Media, LP . 24 June 2017 . 5 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210905154902/https://www.mlb.com/news/red-sox-draft-right-hander-kutter-crawford-c236459260 . live .
27. News: Gould . Kenny . A Cautious Man's Guide to Hot Peppers . 17 October 2023 . Gear Patrol . 22 September 2014.
28. News: 2011-12-20 . When the name fits the job . en-GB . 2022-03-30 . 28 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160828191958/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9664000/9664697.stm . live .
29. Web site: Aptronym Watch: Sue Yoo Too!. Timothy. Noah. Slate. 2 May 2006. 3 December 2020. 25 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201025144757/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2006/05/aptronym-watch-sue-yoo-too.html. live.
30. News: Noguchi . Yuki . January 7, 2016 . Global Stocks Plunge After China Halts Trading . NPR . That view was backed up by another China economic policy expert, the aptly named David Dollar..
31. News: Faeth. Stan. What's in a name? Maybe a career. live. 29 July 2013. Greensboro News & Record. https://archive.today/20230419161458/https://greensboro.com/opinion/columns/whats-in-a-name-maybe-a-career/article_4fe148e8-f84d-11e2-8894-0019bb30f31a.html. 19 April 2023. 19 April 2023. Although it was a fascinating story in itself, I was more captivated by the ornithologist’s name, which is aptly Carla Dove..
32. News: Topaz. Jonathan. Stephen Colbert to 'quitter' Jay Carney: Man up!. 17 January 2015. Politico. 24 June 2014. What a name for a press secretary. Josh Earnest. His name literally means, 'Just kidding, but seriously.'. 14 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150714120917/http://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/jay-carney-stephen-colbert-quitter-comedy-central-108107.html. live.
33. Web site: Historic Mark Holders. 3 September 2020. 30 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200530114354/http://fairbanking.org.uk/current-mark-holders-2018/. live.
34. Book: Lora Starling. Identify Yourself: The Logo for Your Life. 11 July 2017. Balboa Press AU. 978-1-5043-7658-7. 45–. 3 September 2020. 19 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819202029/https://books.google.com/books?id=LrMuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT45. live.
35. Web site: Famous People with Literal Names. Love. Jordan. 30 May 2018. 27 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180127182350/https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-with-literal-names/jordan-love. live.
36. News: Caulkins gave 'em five . en-us . Sports Illustrated Vault SI.com . 2023-10-31.
37. News: 2011-12-20. When the name fits the job. en-GB. 2021-01-06. 27 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210327002843/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9664000/9664697.stm. live.
38. Web site: Do Our Names Shape Our Destinies? Trump's Might.. Johnson. Theodore R.. Slate. 14 March 2016. 17 October 2016. 18 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018234226/http://www.slate.com/blogs/lexicon_valley/2016/03/14/how_trump_s_name_is_an_aptronym.html. live.
39. News: Grotz . Bob . Grotz: Eagles making it crystal clear that aptly named (Kenneth) Gainwell will be top runner . 23 October 2023 . Trentonian . 8 June 2023.
40. News: Wiseman . Lauren . WILLIAM HEADLINE: 1931 - 2008 . 1 September 2019 . Chicago Tribune . 23 October 2008 . CNN anchor Wolf Blitzer said Mr. Headline was 'a decent person who understood the problems that journalists have and dealt with them in a compassionate way. As we used to say it, the best name in news.'... ...Mr. Headline, whose fitting name was Americanized by a Swedish ancestor, was born in Cleveland and raised in East Aurora, N.Y. . 2 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190902052452/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2008-10-23-0810220805-story.html . live .
41. Web site: 'The View's Sunny Hostin Says Jesus Would Attend a Pride Parade . 2024-06-24 . www.out.com . en.
42. Book: Hunter, J.A. . J.A. Hunter . 1952 . Hunter . New York . Harper & Brothers . 13.
43. News: Names Figure in Sports Careers . 19 November 2022 . . 7 January 1912 . 28 . 18 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230318224603/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113311883/names-figure-in-sports-careers/ . live .
44. News: Farewell to a doughty champion of liberty and the public interest. Johnston. Philip. The Daily Telegraph. 2013-08-02. 2018-01-06. en-GB. 0307-1235. 6 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180106173311/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/10218954/Farewell-to-a-doughty-champion-of-liberty-and-the-public-interest.html. live.
45. News: Parkinson . Hannah Jane . 2018-12-15 . Can our names inspire our choices in life? . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-11-08 . 0261-3077.
46. News: Barclays scandal: a case of nominative determinism?. live. 2012-07-03. 2020-12-29. 2020-10-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20201028200446/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/9372754/Barclays-scandal-a-case-of-nominative-determinism.html. Furness. Hannah. The Telegraph. Likewise, Igor Judge, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, and John Laws, the Lord Justice of Appeal, may have felt a calling..
47. News: MR. AND MRS. LOVING'. Brennan. Patricia. 1996-03-31. The Washington Post. 2019-12-31. en-US. 0190-8286. 11 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191111145132/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/tv/1996/03/31/mr-and-mrs-loving/516969d3-69a3-41a4-8c2d-8535c3adce7c/. live.
48. Web site: Parry . Tom . 2014-04-18 . Usain Bolt, Thomas Crapper and others with names perfect for the achievements that brought them fame . 2023-09-28 . mirror . en.
49. Web site: Madsen. Peter. 2017-06-03 . Ever meet someone with a name that matches their career? . 2023-12-13 . The Bulletin . en.
50. Web site: Malamud . Randy . 2016-01-23 . The secret meanings of "Trump": Why it's time to give Donald the "Rick Santorum" treatment . 2023-12-13 . Salon . en.
51. Web site: Schneider . Andrew . 2012-02-13 . Waterworth Takes Helm At Port Of Houston . 2023-12-13 . Houston Public Media . en-US.
52. Web site: 2021-01-26 . The £31m Cars Aiming To Break The 3000-Mile Barrier In The Daytona 24-Hour Race . 2023-10-18 . The Sportsman . EN.
53. News: A Player Called 'Money' Wins World Poker Title . Wilgoren . Jodi . 2003-05-25 . . 2018-01-06 . en-US . 0362-4331 . 6 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174927/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/25/us/a-player-called-money-wins-world-poker-title.html . live .
54. Web site: Hymnology . 2024-06-29 . hymnology.hymnsam.co.uk.
55. Web site: Quinn . Gregory . 2015-10-22 . What's In A Name: Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge . 2022-06-20 . PANYNJ PORTfolio . English . 13 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220713092055/https://portfolio.panynj.gov/2015/10/22/whats-in-a-name-eugenius-harvey-outerbridge/ . live .
56. Web site: Dear Prime Minister . . . the art of an epistolary execution . 2023-12-02 . www.ft.com.
57. Web site: Totaro . Paola . 2022-07-08 . Johnson, the supreme and brazen survivor, finally succumbs . 2023-12-02 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en.
58. Web site: WNBC legend Gabe Pressman turns 80. 17 February 2004. The Washington Post. 28 December 2023.
59. News: Profit is more than just a term for this investment adviser. Thomas Heath. 29 January 2012. The Washington Post. 11 September 2022. 19 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210619225552/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/columns/profit-is-more-than-just-a-term-for-this-investment-adviser/2012/01/17/gIQAmcnpaQ_story.html.
60. Book: Sánchez Canales. Gustavo. Aarons. Victoria. Sánchez Canales. Gustavo. Bernard Malamud: A Centennial Tribute. 2016. Wayne State University Press. Detroit, Michigan. 9780814341148. https://books.google.com/books?id=3qohDgAAQBAJ&q=francine+prose+aptronym&pg=PT89. 27 June 2017. "What's in a Name?": Aptronyms and Archetypes in Bernard Malamud's The Assistant and The Fixer. 19 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210819202031/https://books.google.com/books?id=3qohDgAAQBAJ&q=francine%20prose%20aptronym&pg=PT89. live.
61. Clinton . Jared . Top 100 Goalies: No. 32 – Jonathan Quick . 2018-11-09 . Sports Illustrated . 1 September 2020 . 19 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210819202028/https://www.si.com/hockey/all-access/top-100-goalies-no-32-jonathan-quick . live .
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64. News: Swaragita . Gisela . Dr. Corona vs. coronavirus: Muhammadiyah special center fighting COVID-19 in Indonesia . 20 March 2020 . The Jakarta Post . 11 March 2020 . Indonesia's second-largest Islamic organization has officially entered the national battle against the coronavirus by establishing the Muhammadiyah COVID-19 Command Center (MCCC) and putting an aptly named physician, Corona Rintawan, in charge. . 20 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200320163644/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/03/11/dr-corona-vs-coronavirus-muhammadiyah-special-center-fighting-covid-19-in-indonesia.html . live .
65. News: Bowser vs. Bowser: New Nintendo boss shares name with villain. 2019-03-04. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2019-10-22. en-CA. 29 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200329023144/https://www.cbc.ca/kidsnews/post/bowser-vs.-bowser-new-nintendo-boss-shares-name-with-villain. live.
66. Web site: O'Connor-Simpson . Matt . 21 March 2024 . Crunch time for Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney! Meet the teams trying to stop Wrexham's historic promotion from League Two . Goal.com.
67. Web site: 2024-01-12 . Match Preview: County v Walsall . 2024-04-21 . Stockport County . en-US.
68. Web site: White . Carter . 2023-08-06 . Preview: Blackburn vs. Walsall - prediction, team news . 2024-04-21 . Sports Mole . en-GB.
69. News: The Rush: Tokyo 2020's first medalist, unique athlete names and behind the scenes in Olympic Village. 2021-07-24. Yahoo! Sports. 2022-01-05. en-US. 5 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220105161343/https://sports.yahoo.com/tokyo-2020-first-medalist-unique-061636968.html. live.
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