Apolipoprotein C-II explained

Symbol:	Apo-CII
Apo-CII
Width:	270
Pfam:	PF05355
Interpro:	IPR008019
Scop:	1by6

Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo-CII, or Apoc-II), or apolipoprotein C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is secreted in plasma, where it is a component of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in capillaries,^[1] which hydrolyzes triglycerides and thus provides free fatty acids and glycerols for cells. Mutations in this gene cause hyperlipoproteinemia type IB, characterized by xanthomas, pancreatitis, and hepatosplenomegaly, but no increased risk for atherosclerosis. Lab tests will show elevated blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and chylomicrons^[2]

See also

• Apolipoprotein C

References

• Jackson RL, Baker HN, Gilliam EB, Gotto AM . Primary structure of very low density apolipoprotein C-II of human plasma. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 74 . 5 . 1942–5 . 1977 . 194244 . 10.1073/pnas.74.5.1942 . 431048 . 1977PNAS...74.1942J . free .
• Lycksell PO, Ohman A, Bengtsson-Olivecrona G . Sequence specific 1H-NMR assignments and secondary structure of a carboxy-terminal functional fragment of apolipoprotein CII. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 205 . 1 . 223–31 . 1992 . 1555583 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16772.x . etal. free .
• Hegele RA, Connelly PW, Maguire GF . An apolipoprotein CII mutation, CIILys19----Thr' identified in patients with hyperlipidemia. . Dis. Markers . 9 . 2 . 73–80 . 1992 . 1782747 . etal.
• Crecchio C, Capurso A, Pepe G . Identification of the mutation responsible for a case of plasmatic apolipoprotein CII deficiency (Apo CII-Bari). . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 168 . 3 . 1118–27 . 1990 . 1971748 . 10.1016/0006-291X(90)91145-I .
• Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, Sletten K . Primary structure of the bovine analogues to human apolipoproteins CII and CIII. Studies on isoforms and evidence for proteolytic processing. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 192 . 2 . 515–21 . 1990 . 2209608 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19255.x . free .
• Wei CF, Tsao YK, Robberson DL . The structure of the human apolipoprotein C-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, complete nucleotide sequence, and identification of 5' homologous sequences among apolipoprotein genes. . J. Biol. Chem. . 260 . 28 . 15211–21 . 1986 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95724-8 . 2415514 . etal. free .
• Fojo SS, Lohse P, Parrott C . A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency. . J. Clin. Invest. . 84 . 4 . 1215–9 . 1989 . 2477392 . 10.1172/JCI114287 . 329780 . etal.
• Book:
• Fojo SS, Law SW, Brewer HB . The human preproapolipoprotein C-II gene. Complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization . FEBS Lett. . 213 . 1 . 221–6 . 1987 . 3030808 . 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81495-3 . 42223577 . free .
• Fojo SS, Stalenhoef AF, Marr K . A deletion mutation in the ApoC-II gene (ApoC-II Nijmegen) of a patient with a deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II . J. Biol. Chem. . 263 . 34 . 17913–6 . 1989 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81302-9 . 3192518 . etal. free .
• Fojo SS, Beisiegel U, Beil U . Donor splice site mutation in the apolipoprotein (Apo) C-II gene (Apo C-IIHamburg) of a patient with Apo C-II deficiency . J. Clin. Invest. . 82 . 5 . 1489–94 . 1988 . 3263393 . 10.1172/JCI113756 . 442713 . etal.
• Connelly PW, Maguire GF, Hofmann T, Little JA . Structure of apolipoprotein C-IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 1 . 270–3 . 1987 . 3467353 . 10.1073/pnas.84.1.270 . 304185 . 1987PNAS...84..270C . free .
• Fairwell T, Hospattankar AV, Brewer HB, Khan SA . Human plasma apolipoprotein C-II: total solid-phase synthesis and chemical and biological characterization . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 84 . 14 . 4796–800 . 1987 . 3474626 . 10.1073/pnas.84.14.4796 . 305192 . 1987PNAS...84.4796F . free .
• Fojo SS, Taam L, Fairwell T . Human preproapolipoprotein C-II. Analysis of major plasma isoforms . J. Biol. Chem. . 261 . 21 . 9591–4 . 1986 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67554-4 . 3525527 . etal. free .
• Das HK, Jackson CL, Miller DA . The human apolipoprotein C-II gene sequence contains a novel chromosome 19-specific minisatellite in its third intron . J. Biol. Chem. . 262 . 10 . 4787–93 . 1987 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61264-5 . 3558370 . etal. free .
• Connelly PW, Maguire GF, Little JA . Apolipoprotein CIISt. Michael. Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature vascular disease . J. Clin. Invest. . 80 . 6 . 1597–606 . 1988 . 3680515 . 10.1172/JCI113246 . 442428 .
• Baggio G, Manzato E, Gabelli C . Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency syndrome. Clinical features, lipoprotein characterization, lipase activity, and correction of hypertriglyceridemia after apolipoprotein C-II administration in two affected patients . J. Clin. Invest. . 77 . 2 . 520–7 . 1986 . 3944267 . 10.1172/JCI112332 . 423374 . etal.
• Menzel HJ, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Havel RJ . A variant primary structure of apolipoprotein C-II in individuals of African descent . J. Clin. Invest. . 77 . 2 . 595–601 . 1986 . 3944271 . 10.1172/JCI112342 . 423392 .
• Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS . Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance . Nucleic Acids Res. . 12 . 9 . 3917–32 . 1984 . 6328445 . 10.1093/nar/12.9.3917 . 318799 . etal.
• Jackson CL, Bruns GA, Breslow JL . Isolation and sequence of a human apolipoprotein CII cDNA clone and its use to isolate and map to human chromosome 19 the gene for apolipoprotein CII . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 81 . 10 . 2945–9 . 1984 . 6328478 . 10.1073/pnas.81.10.2945 . 345197 . 1984PNAS...81.2945J . free .

Notes and References

1. Kim SY, Park SM, Lee ST . Apolipoprotein C-II is a novel substrate for matrix metalloproteinases . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 339 . 1 . 47–54 . 2006 . 16314153 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.182.
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: APOC2 apolipoprotein C-II.