CD24 explained

Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24 gene.[1] CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule.

Function

CD24 is a sialoglycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. It is also expressed on neutrophils[2] and neutrophil precursors from the myelocyte stage onwards. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development.[3] Cross-linking of CD24 on the surface of neutrophils induces apoptosis,[4] and this appears to be defective in sepsis. CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined.

Researchers have identified CD24 as a novel cell surface marker that flags anastasis in melanoma cells, a process where cells that have initiated apoptosis can recover and survive1[5] . This discovery highlights CD24’s role in marking apoptotic subpopulations that exhibit metabolic activity and proliferative capacities, contributing to melanoma’s resilience and potential metastasis.

References

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK . Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci . Genomics . 22 . 1 . 154–61 . July 1994 . 7959762 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1356 .
  2. Elghetany MT, Patel J . Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development . American Journal of Hematology . 71 . 4 . 348–9 . December 2002 . 12447971 . 10.1002/ajh.10176 . 39674808 . free .
  3. Gilliam DT, Menon V, Bretz NP, Pruszak J . The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease . Neurobiology of Disease . 99 . 133–144 . March 2017 . 27993646 . 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011 . 3492300 .
  4. Parlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM . CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis . Journal of Immunology . 192 . 5 . 2449–59 . March 2014 . 24501201 . 10.4049/jimmunol.1301055 . 45838206 . free .
  5. Vasileva . Martina H. . Bennemann . Anette . Zachmann . Karolin . Schön . Michael P. . Frank . Jorge . Ulaganathan . Vijay Kumar . CD24 flags anastasis in melanoma cells . Apoptosis . 13 August 2024 . 10.1007/s10495-024-01990-1. free .