Anomodontia Explained

Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods.^[1] By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores.^[2] Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like Anomocephalus and Patranomodon and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage (Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event.

Classification

Taxonomy

• Order Therapsida
• Suborder Anomodontia
  • Biseridens
  • Patranomodon
  • Clade Anomocephaloidea
    • Anomocephalus
    • Tiarajudens
  • Infraorder Venyukovioidea
    • Otsheria
    • Parasuminia
    • Suminia
    • Ulemica
    • Venyukovia
  • Clade Chainosauria
    • ?Galechirus
    • Galeops
    • Galepus
    • Infraorder Dicynodontia

Phylogeny

Cladogram modified from Cisneros et al., 2015.^[3]

Cladogram modified from Angielczyk and Kammerer (2017):^[4]

See also

• Theriodont
• Dinocephalia
• Biarmosuchians
• Evolution of mammals

Notes and References

1. Liu . J. . Rubidge, B.. Li, J. . 2009 . A new specimen of Biseridens qilianicus indicates its phylogenetic position as the most basal anomodont . Proceedings of the Royal Society B . 19640887 . 277 . 1679 . 2842672 . 285–292 . 10.1098/rspb.2009.0883.
2. Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2011) Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation - Histology - Biology, p.39. Indiana University Press, . Retrieved May 2012
3. 10.1098/rsos.150090. Tiarajudens eccentricus and Anomocephalus africanus, two bizarre anomodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida) with dental occlusion from the Permian of Gondwana . 2015 . Cisneros . Juan Carlos . Abdala . Fernando . Jashashvili . Tea . De Oliveira Bueno . Ana . Dentzien-Dias . Paula . Royal Society Open Science . 2 . 7 . 150090 . 26587266 . 2015RSOS....250090C . 25503025 . 4632579 .
4. 10.1002/spp2.1087. The cranial morphology, phylogenetic position and biogeography of the upper Permian dicynodont Compsodon helmoedi van Hoepen (Therapsida, Anomodontia) . 2017 . Angielczyk . Kenneth D. . Kammerer . Christian F. . Papers in Palaeontology . 3 . 4 . 513–545 . 134092461 .