Animal–computer interaction explained

Animal–computer interaction (ACI) is a field of research for the design and use of technology with, for and by animals covering different kinds of animals from wildlife, zoo and domesticated animals in different roles.[1] It emerged from, and was heavily influenced by, the discipline of Human–computer interaction (HCI). As the field expanded, it has become increasingly multi-disciplinary, incorporating techniques and research from disciplines such as artificial intelligence (AI), requirements engineering (RE), and veterinary science.

A central theme of ACI research is establishing how user-centred design approaches and methods from HCI can be adapted to design for animals.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Accordingly, many studies seek to adopt 'animal-centred' approaches to design and research.[7] [8] [9]

In her ACI Manifesto (2011), Clara Mancini defines one aim of ACI as understanding "the interaction between animals and computing technology within the contexts in which animals habitually live, are active, and socialise with members of the same or other species, including humans".[10] She additionally proposes three core design goals for the field: enhancing animals' quality of life and wellbeing; supporting animals in the functions assigned to them by humans; and supporting human-animal relationships. Accordingly, some ACI research has given considerable attention to questions of animal ethics,[11] [12] welfare,[13] consent and power.[14]

Applications

Much ACI work focuses on technologies to support communication and relationships between animals and humans. Researchers have investigated digital technologies for dogs, including systems for remote communication with dogs left at home,[15] [16] wearable interactive devices for them,[17] [18] [19] and interfaces for working dogs.[20] [21] [22] [23] [24] They have also explored technology for interactions with other domestic animals, including cats.[25] [26] An increasing focus in the ACI community is investigating the wider context of these technologies and the impact they have beyond the individual animals that use them, from security and privacy considerations of pet wearables,[27] the effect they may have on humans living with these animals, the context they are deployed in,[28] [29] to supporting veterinary science,[30] and animal behavior research.[31]

Animal internet technologies

Recent work in ACI has focused on how internet connected technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), can support animals.[32] This includes technologies such as remote video call devices for dogs to call their owners,[33]

Notes and References

  1. Hirskyj-Douglas . Ilyena . Pons . Patricia . Read . Janet C. . Jaen . Javier . June 2018 . Seven Years after the Manifesto: Literature Review and Research Directions for Technologies in Animal Computer Interaction . Multimodal Technologies and Interaction . en . 2 . 2 . 30 . 10.3390/mti2020030 . 2414-4088. free .
  2. Westerlaken M, Gualeni S . 2016. Becoming with: Towards the Inclusion of Animals As Participants in Design Processes . ACI '16: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction . New York . Association for Computing Machinery . 1:1–1:10 . 10.1145/2995257.2995392 . 9781450347587 . 18669570. Malmö University Publications.
  3. Zamansky A, Roshier A, Mancini C, Collins EC, Hall C, Grillaert K, Morrison A, North S, Wirman H . 2017. A Report on the First International Workshop on Research Methods in Animal-Computer Interaction . CHI EA '17: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems . New York . Association for Computing Machinery . 806–815. 10.1145/3027063.3052759. 9781450346566. 22209273.
  4. Mancini C, Lawson S, Juhlin O . Animal-Computer Interaction: The emergence of a discipline. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 98. 129–134. 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.10.003. 2017.
  5. North S, Mancini C . June 2016. Frameworks for ACI: animals as stakeholders in the design process. Interactions. 23. 4. 34–36. 10.1145/2946043. 229345990. 1072-5520.
  6. Book: Zamansky A, Van Der Linden D, Baskin S . 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) . Pushing Boundaries of RE: Requirement Elicitation for Non-human Users . September 2017 . https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8049148. 406–411. 10.1109/RE.2017.30. 1983/d9b68bcb-352c-418b-871a-d3c72ffb0d13 . 978-1-5386-3191-1. 4764365.
  7. Hirskyj-Douglas I, Read JC, Cassidy B . A dog centred approach to the analysis of dogs' interactions with media on TV screens. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 98. 208–220. 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.05.007. 2017. 39537532 .
  8. Book: Westerlaken M, Gualeni S . Proceedings of the 2014 Workshops on Advances in Computer Entertainment Conference . Grounded Zoomorphism . 2014. ACE '14 Workshops. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 5:1–5:6. 10.1145/2693787.2693796. 9781450333146. 3171568.
  9. Book: van der Linden D, Zamansky A . 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) . Agile with Animals: Towards a Development Method . September 2017 . https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8054889. 423–426. 10.1109/REW.2017.11. 978-1-5386-3488-2. 8244248.
  10. Mancini C . July 2011. Animal-computer Interaction: A Manifesto. Interactions. 18. 4. 69–73. 10.1145/1978822.1978836. 13009441 .
  11. Mancini C . Towards an animal-centred ethics for Animal–Computer Interaction. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 98. 221–233. 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.04.008. 2017.
  12. Book: French . Fiona . Hirskyj-Douglas . Ilyena . Väätäjä . Heli . Pons . Patricia . Karl . Sabrina . Chisik . Yoram . Nannoni . Eleonora . Zamansky . Anna . Mangat . Mandeep . Paci . Patrizia . Kasuga . Haruka . Vilker . Dana . Academic Mindtrek 2021 . Ethics and Power Dynamics in Playful Technology for Animals: Using speculative design to provoke reflection . 2021-06-01 . New York, NY, USA . Association for Computing Machinery . 91–101 . 10.1145/3464327.3464366 . 978-1-4503-8514-5. 237433989 . http://oro.open.ac.uk/79012/1/79012.pdf .
  13. Book: Mancini C, Van Der Linden J, Kortuem G, Dewsbury G, Mills D, Boyden P . Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing . UbiComp for animal welfare . 2014. UbiComp '14. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 117–128. 10.1145/2632048.2632073. 9781450329682. 6213881.
  14. News: Power, Participation, and the Dog Internet. Lawson S, Kirman B, Linehan C . August 2016. Interactions. 23 November 2017 . 37 .
  15. Book: Mankoff D, Dey A, Mankoff J, Mankoff K . Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology . Supporting interspecies social awareness . 2005. UIST '05. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 253–258. 10.1145/1095034.1095076. 978-1595932716. 16620403.
  16. Book: Rover@Home: Computer Mediated Remote Interaction Between Humans and Dogs (MSc Thesis). Resner BI . Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2001.
  17. Book: Jackson MM, Zeagler C, Valentin G, Martin A, Martin V, Delawalla A, Blount W, Eiring S, Hollis R, Kshirsagar Y, Starner T . Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Wearable Computers . FIDO - facilitating interactions for dogs with occupations . 6 . 2013. ISWC '13. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 81–88. 10.1145/2493988.2494334. 1853/52140 . 9781450321273. 701037.
  18. Byrne C, Freil L, Starner T, Jackson MM . A method to evaluate haptic interfaces for working dogs. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 98. 196–207. 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.04.004. 2017. free.
  19. Morrison A, Møller RH, Manresa-Yee C, Eshraghi N . 2016 . The Impact of Training Approaches on Experimental Setup and Design of Wearable Vibrotactiles for Hunting Dogs . ACI '16: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction . New York . Association for Computing Machinery . 4:1–4:10. 10.1145/2995257.2995391. 9781450347587. 14261948.
  20. Book: Zeagler C, Gilliland S, Freil L, Starner T, Jackson M . Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology . Going to the dogs . 2014. UIST '14. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 497–507. 10.1145/2642918.2647364. 9781450330695. 16844739.
  21. Book: Mancini C, Harris R, Aengenheister B, Guest C . Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems . Re-Centering Multispecies Practices . 2015. CHI '15. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 2673–2682. 10.1145/2702123.2702562. 9781450331456. 13258155.
  22. Book: Robinson CL, Mancini C, Van Der Linden J, Guest C, Harris R . Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems . Canine-centered interface design . 2014. CHI '14. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 3757–3766. 10.1145/2556288.2557396. 9781450324731. 5150406.
  23. Book: Ruge L, Cox E, Mancini C, Luck R . Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction . User centered design approaches to measuring canine behavior . 2018. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3295598.3295599. en. Atlanta, Georgia. ACM Press. 1–12. 10.1145/3295598.3295599. 9781450362191. 90239594.
  24. Ruge L, Mancini C . 2019 . A Method for Evaluating Animal Usability (MEAU) . ACI'19: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction . New York . Association for Computing Machinery.
  25. Book: More Playful User Interfaces. Pons P, Jaen J, Catala A . Envisioning Future Playful Interactive Environments for Animals . 2015. Springer, Singapore. 9789812875457. Gaming Media and Social Effects. 121–150. en. 10.1007/978-981-287-546-4_6. 10251/69598.
  26. Book: Trindade R, Sousa M, Hart C, Vieira N, Rodrigues R, França J . Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems . Purrfect Crime . 2015. CHI EA '15. New York, NY, USA. ACM. 93–96. 10.1145/2702613.2728660. 9781450331463. 14712252.
  27. Book: van der Linden D, Williams E, Hadar I, Zamansky A . Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction . Some might freak out . 2019-11-12. ACI'19. Haifa, Israel. Association for Computing Machinery. 1–12. 10.1145/3371049.3371057. 978-1-4503-7693-8. 210867065.
  28. Book: Kresnye KC, Theisz AA, Trester L, Shih PC . Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction . Barks & Rec . 2019-11-12. ACI'19. Haifa, Israel. Association for Computing Machinery. 1–6. 10.1145/3371049.3371064. 978-1-4503-7693-8. 207846940.
  29. Book: Kresnye KC, Phelps AM, Shih PC . Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction . Towards Rehabilitation Smart Habitats . 2019-11-12. ACI'19. Haifa, Israel. Association for Computing Machinery. 1–6. 10.1145/3371049.3371058. 978-1-4503-7693-8. 207926012.
  30. Bleuer-Elsner S, Zamansky A, Fux A, Kaplun D, Romanov S, Sinitca A, Masson S, van der Linden D . 6 . Computational Analysis of Movement Patterns of Dogs with ADHD-Like Behavior . Animals . 9 . 12 . 1140 . December 2019 . 31847213 . 6941159 . 10.3390/ani9121140 . free .
  31. Karl S, Boch M, Zamansky A, van der Linden D, Wagner IC, Völter CJ, Lamm C, Huber L . 6 . Exploring the dog-human relationship by combining fMRI, eye-tracking and behavioural measures . Scientific Reports . 10 . 1 . 22273 . December 2020 . 33335230 . 7747637 . 10.1038/s41598-020-79247-5 . 2020NatSR..1022273K .
  32. Book: Hirskyj-Douglas . Ilyena . Lucero . Andrés . Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems . On the Internet, Nobody Knows You're a Dog... Unless You're Another Dog . 2019-05-02 . CHI '19 . New York, NY, USA . Association for Computing Machinery . 1–12 . 10.1145/3290605.3300347 . 978-1-4503-5970-2. 85512429 .
  33. RTD Conference . Kirman . Ben . Lawson . Shaun . Linehan . Conor . 2019 . The Dog Internet: Autonomy and Interspecies Design . RTD2017: Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Research Through Design Conference . 1719725 Bytes . 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.4747039 . FigShare.
  34. Hirskyj-Douglas . Ilyena . Piitulainen . Roosa . Lucero . Andrés . 2021-11-03 . Forming the Dog Internet: Prototyping a Dog-to-Human Video Call Device . Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction . en . 5 . ISS |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1145/3488539 |s2cid=243765497 |issn=2573-0142|doi-access=free }} speculative technologies for dogs to sense their owners [33] and technologies to support dog-to-dog interactions mediated by the internet. Much of this work has focused on how to incorporate interspecies design into the process and what the user experience and what interactive internet systems look like with animal users.

    Conferences

    The ACI community has organised its flagship conference, the International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction, as a yearly stand-alone event since 2016 with its proceedings published in the ACM Digital Library. It incorporates doctoral consortia for junior researchers to become acquainted with the field, and co-located workshops to stimulate collaboration on emerging topics.

    External links

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