Angular artery explained
The angular artery is an artery of the face. It is the terminal part of the facial artery. It ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit. It is accompanied by the angular vein. It ends by anastomosing with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery. It supplies the lacrimal sac, the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the outer side of the nose.
Structure
The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery.[1] [2] It ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit (the medial canthus). It is embedded in the fibers of the angular head of the levator labii superioris muscle. It is accompanied by the angular vein. On the cheek, it distributes branches which anastomose with the infraorbital artery. It ends by anastomosing with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery.
Function
The angular artery supplies the lacrimal sac, most of the outer side of the nose,[3] part of the lower eyelid, and the orbicularis oculi muscle.
Clinical significance
The angular artery is important in a nasolabial skin flap for reconstructive surgery.[4] It can be put at risk during acupuncture of skin around the inner side of the eye.[5]
References
- Book: Scremin, Oscar U.. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742452000310. The Rat Nervous System. Academic Press. 2015. 978-0-12-374245-2. 4th. 985–1011. en. 31 - Cerebral Vascular System. 10.1016/B978-0-12-374245-2.00031-0.
- Book: Remington, Lee Ann. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781437719260100116. Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2012. 978-1-4377-1926-0. 3rd. 202–217. en. 11 - Orbital Blood Supply. 10.1016/B978-1-4377-1926-0.10011-6.
- Book: Ort. Yirae. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702060564000836. Maxillofacial Surgery. Quereshy. Faisal A.. Churchill Livingstone. 2017. 978-0-7020-6056-4. 3rd. 2. 1257–1278. en. 83 - Basic Rhinoplasty. 10.1016/B978-0-7020-6056-4.00083-6.
- Book: Markiewicz. Michael R.. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702060564000447. Maxillofacial Surgery. Ord. Robert. Fernandes. Rui P.. Churchill Livingstone. 2017. 978-0-7020-6056-4. 1. 616–635. en. 43 - Local and Regional Flap Reconstruction of Maxillofacial Defects. 10.1016/B978-0-7020-6056-4.00044-7.
- Book: Focks. Claudia. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443100284500072. Atlas of Acupuncture. März. Ulrich. Churchill Livingstone. 2008. 978-0-443-10028-4. 223–241. en. 4 - Acupuncture Points of the Twelve Primary Channels. 10.1016/B978-044310028-4.50007-2.
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