Pamphylia Explained

Bodyclass:geography
Abovestyle:background:#DEB887;
Subheader:Ancient Region of Anatolia
Above:Pamphylia (Παμφυλία)
Label1:Location
Data1:Southern Anatolia (modern-day Turkey)
Label2:State existed:
Data2:-
Label3:Nation
Data3:Pamphylians, Pisidians, Greeks
Label4:Historical capitals
Data4:Perga (Aksu), Attaleia (Antalya)
Label5:Roman province
Data5:Pamphylia

Pamphylia (; Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Παμφυλία, Pamphylía) was a region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (all in modern-day Antalya province, Turkey). It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 120 km (75 miles) with a breadth of about 50 km (30 miles). Under the Roman administration the term Pamphylia was extended so as to include Pisidia and the whole tract up to the frontiers of Phrygia and Lycaonia, and in this wider sense it is employed by Ptolemy.

Name

The name Pamphylia comes from the Greek Παμφυλία,[1] itself from Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πάμφυλος (pamphylos), literally "of mingled tribes or races",[2] a compound of πᾶν (pan), neuter of πᾶς (pas) "all"[3] + φυλή (phylē), "race, tribe".[4] Herodotus derived its etymology from a Dorian tribe, the Pamphyloi (Πάμφυλοι), who were said to have colonized the region.[5] The tribe, in turn, was said to be named after Pamphylos (Greek: Πάμφυλος), son of Aigimios.[6] [7]

Origins of the Pamphylians

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, the Pamphylians were “a mixture of aboriginal inhabitants, immigrant Cilicians (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Κίλικες) and Greeks”.[8] However, Herodotus and Strabo record that the Pamphylians were descended from Greeks who came with Calchas and Amphilochos after the Trojan War.[9] Additionally, Pausanias states that they were a Greek race.[10] Theopompus, as well, informs us that Pamphylia was inhabited by Greeks.[11] Some modern scholars suggest that they migrated to Pamphylia from Arcadia and generally the Peloponnese in the 12th century BC.[12] The significance of the Greek contribution to the origin of the Pamphylians can be attested alike by tradition and archaeology,[13] and Pamphylia can be considered a Greek country from the early Iron Age until the early Middle Ages.[14]

There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people, though the former had received colonies from Greece and other lands, and from this cause, combined with the greater fertility of their territory, had become more civilized than their neighbours in the interior. But the distinction between the two seems to have been established at an early period. Herodotus, who does not mention the Pisidians, enumerates the Pamphylians among the nations of Asia Minor, while Ephorus mentions them both, correctly including the one among the nations on the coast, the other among those of the interior.

A number of scholars have distinguished in the Pamphylian dialect important isoglosses with both Arcadian and Cypriot (Arcadocypriot Greek) which allow them to be studied together with the group of dialects sometimes referred to as Achaean since it was settled not only by Achaean tribes but also colonists from other Greek-speaking regions, Dorians and Aeolians.[15] The legend related by Herodotus and Strabo, which ascribed the origin of the Pamphylians to a colony led into their country by Amphilochus and Calchas after the Trojan War, is merely a characteristic myth.

History

During the Late Bronze Age, the region was on the western edge of the Hittite sphere of influence. A treaty between the Hittite king Tudḫaliya IV and his vassal, the king of Tarḫuntašša, defined the latter's western border at the city Parha in later Pamphylia and the Kastaraya River.[16] West of Parha were the Lukka lands.[17]

In the historical era, the region's population spoke Pamphylian, an idiosyncratic dialect of Greek seemingly influenced by Anatolian languages spoken nearby. On Cyrus's defeat of Croesus, Pamphylia passed to the Persian Empire. Darius included it in his first tax-district alongside Lycia, Magnesia, Ionia, Aeolia, Mysia, and Caria.[18] At some point between 468 and 465 BC, the Athenians under Cimon fought the Persians at the Eurymedon, and won; thus adding Pamphylia to their "Delian League" empire. Toward the end of the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians were weakened enough that the Persians were able to retake it.[19]

Upon Alexander the Great's defeat of Darius III, Pamphylia passed back to Greek rule, now Macedonians. After the defeat of Antiochus III in 190 BC they were included among the provinces annexed by the Romans to the dominions of Eumenes of Pergamum; but somewhat later they joined with the Pisidians and Cilicians in piratical ravages, and Side became the chief centre and slave mart of these freebooters. Pamphylia was for a short time included in the dominions of Amyntas, king of Galatia, but after his death lapsed into a district of a Roman province.

As of 1911, the district was largely peopled with recently settled Ottoman Muslims from Greece, Crete, and the Balkans, as a result of the long-term consequences of the Congress of Berlin and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

Notable people from Pamphylia

Archaeological sites

See also

External links

37°N 31°W

Notes and References

  1. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D*pamfuli%2Fa Παμφυλία
  2. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpa%2Fmfulos πάμφυλος
  3. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpa%3Ds1 πᾶς
  4. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dfulh%2F φυλή
  5. Herodotus, The Histories, 5.68
  6. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0072%3Aentry%3D*pa%2Fmfulos Πάμφυλος
  7. George Grote : A History of Greece. p. 286; Irad Malkin : Myth and Territory in the Spartan Mediterranean. Cambridge U Pr, 2003. p. 41.
  8. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440504/Pamphylia Pamphylia
  9. Book: Colvin, Stephen. A Brief History of Ancient Greek. 2013. John Wiley & Sons. 978-1-118-61072-5. 84. en. Herodotus and Strabo record the story that the Pamphylians were the descendants of Greeks who arrived with the seers Calchas and Amphilochos after the Trojan War..
  10. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 7.3.7 "Καρῶν δὲ κατὰ φιλίαν ἐκ παλαιοῦ πρὸς Μίνω, Παμφύλων δὲ ὅτι γένους μέτεστιν Ἑλληνικοῦ καὶ τούτοις"
  11. Book: Pin, Louis Ellies Du. The Universal Library of Historians; the Oriental, Greek, Latin, French, German, Spanish, Italian, English, and Others: Containing an Account of Their Lives and a Catalogue of the Several Editions of Their Works.. 1709. R. Bonwicke. 112. en. He [Theopompus] describes how Pamphylia was inhabited by Greeks..
  12. Ahmad Hasan Dani, Jean-Pierre Mohen, J. L. Lorenzo, and V. M. Masson, History of Humanity-Scientific and Cultural Development: From the Third Millennium to the Seventh Century B.C (Vol II), UNESCO, 1996, p.425
  13. [Arnold Hugh Martin Jones]
  14. John D. Grainger, The cities of Pamphylia, Oxbow Books, 2009, p.27
  15. A.-F. Christidis, A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.427
  16. Book: G. Beckman. Hittite diplomatic texts . Atlanta . 1996., no. 18C
  17. British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan . 14 . The Arzawa letters in recent perspective . J. David Hawkins . 2009 . 73–83., 75
  18. Book: Histories . Herodotus. 1907 .
  19. Jona Lendering - Livius.org, https://www.livius.org/articles/place/pamphylia/?
  20. Web site: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1015 (v. 1) . Ancientlibrary.com . 2013-09-03 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102132156/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1021.html . 2012-11-02 .
  21. Book: Die Fragmente Der Griechischen Historiker, Continued - Google Boeken . 9004113037 . 2013-09-03. Jacoby . Felix . Bollansée . Jan . Schepens . Guido . 1998 . BRILL .
  22. Epigr. tou Oropou 148
  23. SEG 39:1426 - The Hellenistic Monarchies: Selected PapersPage 264 By Christian Habicht
  24. IK Side I 1
  25. BCH 1936:280,1
  26. Web site: links to Greek and Latin Authors in the web . Attalus . 2013-09-03.
  27. SEG 23:573 R.S. Bagnall (1976) The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions outside Egypt, p. 124. Brill Archive.
  28. Epigr.Anat. 11:104,5 Inscriptions for Physicians
  29. Elaine Fantham, Helene Peet Foley, Natalie Boymel Kampen, Sarah B. Pomeroy & H. Alan Shapiro (1995) Women in the Classical World: Image and Text, Oxford University Press
  30. Web site: Aspendos Archaeological Project . Aspendosproject.com . 2013-09-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130724033226/http://aspendosproject.com/about.html#Structures . 2013-07-24 . dead .
  31. IG VII 1773 - The Context of Ancient DramaPage 192 By Eric Csapo, William J. Slater
  32. Web site: Internet Medieval Sourcebook . Fordham.edu . 2013-09-03.

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