Ammonia fungi explained

Ammonia fungi are fungi that develop fruit bodies exclusively or relatively abundantly on soil that has had ammonia or other nitrogen-containing materials added. The nitrogen materials react as bases by themselves, or after decomposition.^[1] The addition of ammonia or urea causes numerous chemical and biological changes, for examples, the pH of soil litter is increased to 8–10; the high alkaline conditions interrupts the process of nutrient recycling.^[2] The mechanisms of colonization, establishment, and occurrence of fruiting bodies of ammonia fungi has been researched in the field and the laboratory.^{[3] [4]}

Species

• Ascobolus denudatus
• Calocybe leucocephala
• Coprinopsis cinerea
• Coprinopsis echinospora
• Coprinopsis neolagopus
• Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora
• Coprinopsis phlyctidospora
• Coprinopsis stercorea
• Crucispora rhombisperma
• Hebeloma luchuense^[5]
• Hebeloma radicosoides
• Hebeloma radicosum
• Hebeloma spoliatum
• Hebeloma vinosophyllum
• Laccaria amethystina^[6]
• Laccaria bicolor^[7]
• Sagaranella tylicolor

Notes and References

1. Sagara N.. 1975. Ammonia fungi – a chemoecological grouping of terrestrial fungi . Contributions of the Biology Lab of Kyoto . 24 . 205–76.
2. Soponsathien S. . Some characteristics of ammonia fungi 1. In relation to their ligninolytic enzyme activities . The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology . 44 . 5 . 337–345 . 1998 . 12501413 . 10.2323/jgam.44.337. 2009-04-19. free .
3. Suzuki A.. 2006. Experimental and physiological ecology of ammonia fungi: studies using natural substances and artificial media . Mycoscience . 47 . 3–17 . 10.1007/s10267-005-0270-8. 85061884 .
4. Book: Sagara N, Yamanaka K, Tibbett M, Carter DJ, Tibbett M . Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy: Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains . limited . CRC . Boca Raton . 2008 . 978-1-4200-6991-4. Soil fungi associated with graves and latrines: toward a forensic mycology. 67–107.
5. Fukiharu T, Hongo T. 1995 . Ammonia fungi of Iriomote Island in the southern Ryukyus, Japan and a new ammonia fungus, Hebeloma luchuense . Mycoscience . 36 . 4 . 425–30 . 10.1007/BF02268627. 85115236 .
6. Imamura A. . 2001 . Report on Laccaria amethystina, newly confirmed as an ammonia fungus . Mycoscience . 42 . 6. 623–25 . 10.1007/BF02460961. 85769621 .
7. Book: Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types . Mueller GM.. 1992 . Field Museum of Natural History . Chicago, Illinois .