Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor explained

The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long-term memory, consisting entirely of α7 subunits.[1] As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, functional α7 receptors are pentameric [i.e., (α7)<sub>5</sub> [[stoichiometry]]].

It is located in the brain, spleen, and lymphocytes of lymph nodes where activation yields post- and presynaptic excitation,[1] mainly by increased Ca2+ permeability.

Further, recent work has implicated this receptor as being important for generation of adult mammal neurons in the retina.[2] Functional α7 receptors are present in the submucous plexus neurons of the guinea-pig ileum.[3]

Medical relevance

Recent work has demonstrated a potential role in reducing inflammatory neurotoxicity in stroke, myocardial infarction, sepsis, and Alzheimer's disease.[4] [5] [6]

An α7 nicotinic agonist appears to have positive effects on neurocognition in persons with schizophrenia.[7]

Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on mast cells, is a mechanism by which nicotine enhances atherosclerosis.[8]

Both α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors appear to be critical for memory, working memory, learning, and attention.[9]

α7-nicotinic receptors also appear to be involved in cancer progression. They have been shown to mediate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.[10] α7 receptors are also involved in angiogenic and neurogenic activity, and have anti-apoptotic effects.[11] [12] [13]

Ligands

Agonists

partial agonist[24]

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs)

At least two types of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can be distinguished.[29]

Other

Antagonists

It is found that anandamide and ethanol cause an additive inhibition on the function of α7-receptor by interacting with distinct regions of the receptor. Although ethanol inhibition of the α7-receptor is likely to involve the N-terminal region of the receptor, the site of action for anandamide is located in the transmembrane and carboxyl-terminal domains of the receptors.[38]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Pharmacology, (Rang, Dale, Ritter & Moore,, 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2003) p. 138.
  2. Webster MK, Cooley-Themm CA, Barnett JD, Bach HB, Vainner JM, Webster SE, Linn CL . Evidence of BrdU-positive retinal neurons after application of an Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist . Neuroscience . 346 . 437–446 . March 2017 . 28147247 . 5341387 . 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.029 .
  3. Glushakov AV, Voytenko LP, Skok MV, Skok V . Distribution of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing different alpha-subunits in the submucosal plexus of the guinea-pig . Autonomic Neuroscience . 110 . 1 . 19–26 . January 2004 . 14766321 . 10.1016/j.autneu.2003.08.012 . 25872540 .
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