Alkylglycerol monooxygenase explained
| alkylglycerol monooxygenase |
| Ec Number: | 1.14.16.5 |
| Cas Number: | 37256-82-9 |
| Go Code: | 0050479 |
Alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of alkylglycerols, a specific subclass of ether lipids. This enzyme was first described in 1964 as a pteridine-dependent ether lipid cleaving enzyme.[1] In 2010 finally, the gene coding for alkylglycerol monooxygenase was discovered as transmembrane protein 195 (TMEM195) on chromosome 7.[2] In analogy to the enzymes phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase, alkylglycerol monooxygenase critically depends on the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin and iron.
The reaction catalyzed by alkylglycerol monooxygenase:
- 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
1-hydroxyalkyl-sn-glycerol + 6,7[8H]-dihydrobiopterin + H
2O
The unstable intermediate product 1-hydroxyalkyl-sn-glycerol rearranges into the fatty aldehyde and the free glycerol derivative. The fatty aldehyde is then further oxidized to the corresponding acid by fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Alkylglycerol monooxygenase is a membrane-bound mixed-function oxidase and harbours a fatty acid hydroxylase motif. The iron is believed to be coordinated by a diiron center composed of eight histidines, which can be found in all enzymes containing this motif.
Nomenclature
The systematic name for this enzyme is 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase. Other names in use are glyceryl-ether monooxygenase, glyceryl-ether cleaving enzyme, glyceryl ether oxygenase, glyceryl etherase, and O-alkylglycerol monooxygenase.
Further reading
- Watschinger K, Keller MA, Hermetter A, Golderer G, Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER . 2009 . Glyceryl ether monooxygenase resembles aromatic amino acid hydroxylases in metal ion and tetrahydrobiopterin dependence . Biol. Chem. . 390 . 1 . 3 - 10 . 19007315 . 10.1515/BC.2009.010 . 2847825.
- Werner ER, Hermetter A, Prast H, Golderer G, Werner-Felmayer G . 2007 . Widespread occurrence of glyceryl ether monooxygenase activity in rat tissues detected by a novel assay . J. Lipid Res. . 48 . 1422 - 1427 . 17303893 . 10.1194/jlr.D600042-JLR200 . free . 6 . 2851153.
- Ishibashi T, Imai Y . 1983 . Solubilization and partial characterization of alkylglycerol monooxygenase from rat liver microsomes . Eur. J. Biochem. . 132 . 23 - 7 . 6840084 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07320.x . 1 . free .
- Pfleger RC, Piantadosi C, Snyder F . 1967 . The biocleavage of isomeric glyceryl ethers by soluble liver enzymes in a variety of species . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 144 . 633 - 48 . 4383918 . 3 . 10.1016/0005-2760(67)90052-5.
- Snyder F, Malone B, Piantadosi C . 1973 . Tetrahydropteridine-dependent cleavage enzyme for O-alkyl lipids: substrate specificity . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 316 . 259 - 65 . 4355017 . 2 . 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90018-0.
- Soodsma JF, Piantadosi C, Snyder F . 1972 . Partial characterization of the alkylglycerol cleavage enzyme system of rat liver . J. Biol. Chem. . 247 . 3923 - 9 . 4402391 . 12 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)45123-5 . free .
Notes and References
- Tietz. AA. Lindberg, M. Kennedy, EP. A New Pteridine-Requiring Enzyme System For The Oxidation Of Glyceryl Ethers.. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. December 1964. 239. 12. 4081–90. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)91137-3. 14247652. free.
- Watschinger. K. Identification of the gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase defines a third class of tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent enzymes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.. 2010. 107. 13672–13677. 20643956. 10.1073/pnas.1002404107. 31. 2922233. 2010PNAS..10713672W. free.
