Albicidin Explained

Albicidin is an antibiotic and phytotoxic molecule produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans which infects sugarcane causing leaf scald.[1]

As a phytotoxin, it acts by inhibiting the differentiation of chloroplasts.[2] It accomplishes this by inhibiting DNA gyrase, and thereby preventing the replication of chloroplast DNA.[3] As such it plays a major role in leaf scald disease.

As a DNA gyrase inhibitor, albicindin also has potential therapeutic use as an antibiotic.[4] Its antibiotic properties were discovered in the early 1980s, when the molecule was isolated and purified from cultures of Xanthomonas albilineans.[5] However, the precise structure of the molecule was only identified in 2015.[6] A laboratory synthesis of albicidin has been developed,[1] and research is currently focused on the design and evaluation of synthetic derivatives of albicidin with improved properties.[7] [8] [9]

Notes and References

  1. 10.1002/anie.201409584 . Total Synthesis of Albicidin: A Lead Structure from Xanthomonas albilineansfor Potent Antibacterial Gyrase Inhibitors . 2015 . Kretz . Julian . Kerwat . Dennis . Schubert . Vivien . Grätz . Stefan . Pesic . Alexander . Semsary . Siamak . Cociancich . Stéphane . Royer . Monique . Süssmuth . Roderich D. . Angewandte Chemie International Edition . 54 . 6 . 1969–1973 . 25504839 . free .
  2. 10.3389/fpls.2015.00289 . free . What makes Xanthomonas albilineans unique amongst xanthomonads? . 2015 . Pieretti . Isabelle . Pesic . Alexander . Petras . Daniel . Royer . Monique . Süssmuth . Roderich D. . Cociancich . Stéphane . Frontiers in Plant Science . 6 . 289 . 25964795 . 4408752 .
  3. 10.1128/AAC.00918-06 . The Phytotoxin Albicidin is a Novel Inhibitor of DNA Gyrase . 2007 . Hashimi . Saeed M. . Wall . Melisa K. . Smith . Andrew B. . Maxwell . Anthony . Birch . Robert G. . Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy . 51 . 1 . 181–187 . 17074789 . 1797663 .
  4. 10.1038/s41429-019-0228-2 . Albicidin, a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor with clinical potential . 2019 . Hashimi . Saeed Mujahid . The Journal of Antibiotics . 72 . 11 . 785–792 . 31451755 . 201644516 .
  5. 10.1099/00221287-131-5-1069 . Preliminary Characterization of an Antibiotic Produced by Xanthomonas albilineans Which Inhibits DNA Synthesis in Escherichia coli . 1985 . Birch . R. G. . Patil . S. S. . Microbiology . 131 . 5 . 1069–1075 . 2410547 . free .
  6. 10.1038/nchembio.1734. The gyrase inhibitor albicidin consists of p-aminobenzoic acids and cyanoalanine. 2015. Cociancich. Stéphane. Pesic. Alexander. Petras. Daniel. Uhlmann. Stefanie. Kretz. Julian. Schubert. Vivien. Vieweg. Laura. Duplan. Sandrine. Marguerettaz. Mélanie. Noëll. Julie. Pieretti. Isabelle. Hügelland. Manuela. Kemper. Sebastian. Mainz. Andi. Rott. Philippe. Royer. Monique. Süssmuth. Roderich D.. Nature Chemical Biology. 11. 3. 195–197. 25599532.
  7. 10.1002/cmdc.201600231 . Synthesis of Albicidin Derivatives: Assessing the Role of N-terminal Acylation on the Antibacterial Activity . 2016 . Kerwat . Dennis . Grätz . Stefan . Kretz . Julian . Seidel . Maria . Kunert . Maria . Weston . John B. . Süssmuth . Roderich D. . ChemMedChem . 11 . 17 . 1899–1903 . 27439374 . 5009104 .
  8. 10.1002/cmdc.201600163 . Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Albicidin Derivatives with Variations of the Central Cyanoalanine Building Block . 2016 . Grätz . Stefan . Kerwat . Dennis . Kretz . Julian . Von Eckardstein . Leonard . Semsary . Siamak . Seidel . Maria . Kunert . Maria . Weston . John B. . Süssmuth . R. D. . ChemMedChem . 11 . 14 . 1499–1502 . 27245621 . 205649206 .
  9. Web site: Sweet salvation -- how a sugar cane pathogen is gearing up a new era of antibiotic discovery . January 23, 2023 . Science Daily .

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