Qazi Nurullah Shustari Explained

Sayyid Nurullah ibn Sharif al-Mar'ashi al-Shustari, commonly known as Qazi Nurullah Shushtari (1549–1610), also known as Shahid-e-Salis (third martyr) was an eminent Shia faqih (jurist) and alim (scholar) of the Mughal period.[1] He also have served as the Qazi-ul-Quzaa of Lahore and Agra during the reign of Akbar.[2] [3]

Life

He was born in 1549 CE (956 AH) at Shushtar, in present-day Khuzestan, south of Iran. He belonged to the Marashi family in Amol. He moved from Mashhad to India,[4] on 1 Shawwal 992/6 October 1584. Although according to some accounts, the year may have been 1587.[5] [6] He was an emissary of Akbar in Kashmir obtained the first census of the areas of Mughal Empire during Akbar's reign.

Death

When Jahangir came to power his position within the court came under threat both from the enemies he had made while settling the disputes in Agra and Kashmir, and from Jahangir's own orthodox stance. Ultimately his own book Ahqaq-ul-haq was presented as evidence against him, he was declared a heretic and sentenced to death due to his religious beliefs.[7] [8] He was executed by flogging in Jumada II 1019/September 1610, at the age of 61.[9] [10] [11]

There is a famous debate shedding light on his assassination in the book Peshawar Nights.[12]

Legacy

His works

Shushtari is considered as one of the scholars who paved the way for the development of Shia Islam.[13] He had excellent literary expertise and had composed literary pieces in Arabic and Persian, writing approximately fifty books and essays in Islamic sciences like kalam, jurisprudence and sirah. Few of them are:

Beside the above-mentioned books and treatise he has also several other literary works which include marginal notes, reviews, commentaries, etc. Many of his works with the description of his life have been translated into Arabic, Persian and Urdu.[14]

Works about him

Follwoing are the works about him,

His tomb (mazar)

His tomb (mazar) at Agra is a place of pilgrimage and site of annual religious congregation held in commemoration of his martyrdom.[3] The tomb is under waqf deed of 'Haji Dawood Nori Nasir Bagh'. The deed states that a member from the family of Nasirul Millat (Abaqati family) would be patron of the mazar.[19] Now, Maulana Syed Abbas Nasir Saeed Abaqati is president of Anjuman Moinuzzaireen which manages Mazaar-e-Shaheed-e-Saalis while his younger brother Syed Murtaza Nasir Saeed is secretary and his uncles (half-brothers of Agha Roohi) Maulana Syed Sajjad Nasir Saeed Abaqati and Syed Husain Nasir Saeed are patron and Mutawalli' respectively.[20] [21] Earlier notables like Khateeb-ul-Iman' Tahir Jarwali, Maulana Agha Roohi, etc. have been part of its management. Moulana Syed Shozab Kazim Jarwali (son of Khateeb-ul-Iman Tahir Jarwali) too has been its erstwhile president.

Mahdi Khajeh Piri, founder of Noor International Microfilm Center, New Delhi has been involved in the restoration of the tomb.

Family

Shushtari was the son of Sayed Sharif and grandson of Sayed Nurullah. He had five sons. His eldest son Sayed Sharif (1583–1611) was a scholar and authored Hashiya-e-Tafsir-e-Bezavi and Hashiya-e-Qadima. His second son Sayed Muhammad Yusuf was a poet. His third son Alaul Mulk obtained higher education from Shiraz and then returned to India. He took up teaching career at Agra where later he was appointed as tutor to Shah Shuja, the son of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. He was the author of Anwarul Huda, Al-Siratul Wasil fi Asbatul Wajib, Muhazzabul Mantiq and Firdaus, the history of Shiraz. His fourth son Saiyid Abul Maali (1596–1636) for some time lived in Qutub Shahi kingdom where he translated Masaibun Nawasib from Arabic to Persian. He was the author of Sharh-e Alfiya, Risala fil Adl, Risala Nafi Raut wajib Taala, Tafsir Ala Suratul Akhlas. His fifth son Mir Alaud Daula was a poet.[22]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://openlibrary.org/b/OL4869617M/Shaheed-e-salis Shaheed-e-salis. (Open Library)
  2. The World's Religions -Page 383- by Stewart R. Sutherland – Religion – 1988 -
  3. News: Hindustan Times . 5 March 2024 . PressReader . 9 Jun 2018 . Lucknow . en.
  4. A Socio-intellectual History of the Isnā Asharī Shīaīs in India – Page 346by Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, – 1986 –
  5. The Shi'a of India-Page 140, By John Norman Hollister-1953
  6. Majmaʻulafkār – Page 15by Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi, K̲h̲udā Bak̲h̲sh Oriental Public Library- 1993
  7. The Empire of the Great Mughals By Annemarie Schimmel, Corinne Attwood, Burzine K. Waghmar page 109
  8. https://books.google.com/books?id=zot5IK1csp0C&q=AN+INTRODUCTION+TO+SHI%27I+ISLAM+The+History+and+Doctrines+of+Twelver+Shi%27ism+MOOJAN+MOMEN An introduction to Shi'i Islam: the history and doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism
  9. A Cultural History of India – Page 290 by Arthur Llewellyn Basham – History – 1975
  10. Islamic education, diversity and national identity: Dīnī madāris in India ... – Page 107 by Jan-Peter Hartung, Helmut Reifeld – Islamic religious education – 2006 -
  11. Religion, State, and Society in Medieval India: Collected Works of S. Nurul Hasan- Page 76 by S. Nurul Hasan, Satish Chandra – History – 2005
  12. Web site: Martyrdom of Shahid al-thalis. 22 October 2019.
  13. Web site: آیینه پژوهش - دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه علمیه قم - کتابخانه مدرسه فقاهت.
  14. Web site: Works and Contribution – Shaheed-E-Salis(r.a) . 5 March 2024.
  15. Web site: Shaheed-e-Salis . Rekhta . 5 March 2024 . en . 1930s.
  16. Web site: Tazkira E Majeed Shaheed E Salis - Book - Jafri Library . jafrilibrary.com . 5 March 2024 . en . 1962.
  17. Web site: Shahīd-i S̲ālis̲ Qāz̤ī Nārullāh Shūstarī: An Historical Figure in Shīite Piety . University of Wisconsin--Madison . 5 March 2024 . en . 1992.
  18. Web site: Journal of Kalam Islami . 5 March 2024 . en . 2002.
  19. Web site: Shia ulema at odds over shrine control . https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142121/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM9/Shia-ulema-at-odds-over-shrine-control/Article1-85189.aspx . dead . 20 October 2012 . Hindustan Times. 9 April 2006 . 15 January 2013.
  20. Web site: List Of Designated Members Of Anjuman Moinuzzaireen – Mazar e Shaheed-E-Salis(r.a) . 5 March 2024.
  21. Web site: Latest Updates – Mazar e Shaheed-E-Salis(r.a) . 27 October 2021 . 5 March 2024.
  22. Web site: Qazi Saiyid Nurullah Shushtari - Imam Reza (A.S.) Network . www.imamreza.net . 5 March 2024.

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