Agmatinase Explained

agmatinase
Ec Number:	3.5.3.11
Cas Number:	37289-16-0
Go Code:	0008783
Width:	270

In enzymology, an agmatinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

agmatine + H₂O

\rightleftharpoons putrescine + urea

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are agmatine and H₂O, whereas its two products are putrescine and urea.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is agmatine amidinohydrolase. Other names in common use include agmatine ureohydrolase, and SpeB. This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.

Genetics

In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the AGMAT gene.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes,,,, and .

Inhibitors

• Piperazine-1-carboxamidine

References

• Morris SM . Vertebrate agmatinases: what role do they play in agmatine catabolism? . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. . 1009 . 30–3 . 2004 . 15028567 . 10.1196/annals.1304.003 . 24146429 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . etal.
• Chen FW, Davies JP, Ioannou YA . Differential gene expression in apoptosis: identification of ribosomal protein 23K, a cell proliferation inhibitor . Mol. Genet. Metab. . 64 . 4 . 271–82 . 1998 . 9758718 . 10.1006/mgme.1998.2718 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Kim KH, Ahn HJ, Kim DJ . Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human agmatinase . Acta Crystallographica Section F . 61 . Pt 10 . 889–91 . 2006 . 16511187 . 10.1107/S1744309105027193 . 1991308 . etal.
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . etal. free .
• Hirshfield IN, Rosenfeld HJ, Leifer Z, Maas WK . 1970 . Isolation and Characterization of a Mutant of Escherichia coli Blocked in the Synthesis of Putrescine . J. Bacteriol. . 101 . 725 - 30 . 4908780 . 3 . 10.1128/JB.101.3.725-730.1970 . 250384 .
• Vicente C, Legaz ME . 1982 . Preparation and properties of agmatine amidinohydrolase of Evernia prunastri . Physiol. Plant. . 55 . 335 - 339 . 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00301.x.

Notes and References

1. Mistry SK, Burwell TJ, Chambers RM, Rudolph-Owen L, Spaltmann F, Cook WJ, ((Morris SM Jr)) . Cloning of human agmatinase. An alternate path for polyamine synthesis induced in liver by hepatitis B virus . Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol . 282 . 2 . G375–81 . Jan 2002 . 11804860 . 10.1152/ajpgi.00386.2001 .
2. Dallmann K, Junker H, Balabanov S, Zimmermann U, Giebel J, Walther R . Human agmatinase is diminished in the clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma . Int J Cancer . 108 . 3 . 342–7 . Dec 2003 . 14648699 . 10.1002/ijc.11459 . 31927397 . free .
3. Iyer RK, Kim HK, Tsoa RW, Grody WW, Cederbaum SD . Cloning and characterization of human agmatinase . Mol Genet Metab . 75 . 3 . 209–18 . Mar 2002 . 11914032 . 10.1006/mgme.2001.3277 .
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: AGMAT agmatine ureohydrolase (agmatinase).