Age of candidacy explained

Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally hold certain elected government offices. In many cases, it also determines the age at which a person may be eligible to stand for an election or be granted ballot access.

The first known example of a law enforcing age of candidacy was the Lex Villia Annalis, a Roman law enacted in 180 BCE which set the minimum ages for senatorial magistrates.^[1]

Controversies

Many youth rights groups view current age of candidacy requirements as unjustified age discrimination.^[2] Occasionally people who are younger than the minimum age will run for an office in protest of the requirement or because they do not know that the requirement exists. On extremely rare occasions, young people have been elected to offices they do not qualify for and have been deemed ineligible to assume the office.

In 1934, Rush Holt of West Virginia was elected to the Senate of the United States at the age of 29. Since the U.S. Constitution requires senators to be at least 30, Holt was forced to wait until his 30th birthday, six months after the start of the session, before being sworn in.^[3]

In 1954, Richard Fulton won election to the Tennessee Senate. Shortly after being sworn in, Fulton was ousted from office because he was 27 years old at the time. The Tennessee State Constitution required that senators be at least 30.^[4] Rather than hold a new election, the previous incumbent, Clifford Allen, was allowed to resume his office for another term. Fulton went on to win the next State Senate election in 1956 and was later elected to the U.S. House of Representatives where he served for 10 years.

In 1964, Congressman Jed Johnson Jr. of Oklahoma was elected to the 89th Congress in the 1964 election while still aged 24 years. However, he became eligible for the House after turning 25 on his birthday, 27 December 1964, seven days before his swearing in, making him the youngest legally elected and seated member of the United States Congress ever.^[5] In South Carolina, two Senators aged 24 were elected, but were too young according to the State Constitution: Mike Laughlin in 1969 and Bryan Dorn (later a U.S. congressman) in 1941. They were seated anyway.^[6]

On several occasions, the Socialist Workers Party (USA) has nominated candidates too young to qualify for the offices they were running for. In 1972, Linda Jenness ran as the SWP presidential candidate, although she was 31 at the time. Since the U.S. Constitution requires that the President and Vice President be at least 35 years old, Jenness was not able to receive ballot access in several states in which she otherwise qualified.^[7] Despite this handicap, Jenness still received 83,380 votes.^[8] In 2004, the SWP nominated Arrin Hawkins as the party's vice-presidential candidate, although she was 28 at the time. Hawkins was also unable to receive ballot access in several states due to her age.^[9]

Reform efforts

In the United States, many groups have attempted to lower age of candidacy requirements in various states. In 1994, South Dakota voters rejected a ballot measure that would have lowered the age requirements to serve as a State Senator or State Representative from 25 to 18. In 1998, however, they approved a similar ballot measure that reduced the age requirements for those offices from 25 to 21.^[10] In 2002, Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure that would have reduced the age requirement to serve as a State Representative from 21 to 18.

During the early 2000s, the British Youth Council and other groups successfully campaigned to lower age of candidacy requirements in the United Kingdom.^[11] The age of candidacy was reduced from 21 to 18 in England, Wales and Scotland on 1 January 2007,^[12] when section 17 of the Electoral Administration Act 2006 entered into force.^[13]

International standards

International electoral standards which are defined in the International Public Human Rights Law, allow restricting candidacy on the basis of age. The interpretation of the International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights offered by the United Nations Human Rights Committee in the General Comment 25 states "Any conditions which apply to the exercise of the rights protected by article 25 (of the ICCPR) should be based on objective and reasonable criteria. For example, it may be reasonable to require a higher age for election or appointment to particular offices than for exercising the right to vote, which should be available to every adult citizen."^[14]

In various countries

Australia

In Australia a person must be aged 18 or over to stand for election to public office at federal, state or local government level.

The youngest ever member of the House of Representatives was 20-year-old Wyatt Roy elected in the 2010 federal election after the Electoral Act 1918 was amended (in 1973) to reduce the age of candidacy for that office from 21 to 18.^[15]

Austria

In Austria, a person must be 18 years of age or older to stand in elections to the European Parliament or National Council. The Diets of regional Länder are able to set a minimum age lower than 18 for to be in the polls in elections to the Diet itself as well as to municipal councils in the Land.^[16] In presidential elections the candidacy age is 35.

Belgium

Any Belgian who has reached the age of 18 years can stand for election for the Chamber of Representatives, can become a member of the Senate, or can be elected in one of the regional parliaments.^[17] This is regulated in the Constitution (Art. 64) and in the Special Law on the Reform of the Institutions.

Belize

According to the Constitution of Belize, a person must be at least 18 years old to be elected as a member of the House of Representatives and must be at least 30 to be Speaker of the House. A person must be at least 18 years old to be appointed to the Senate and must be at least 30 to be president or Vice-President of the Senate. As only members of the House of Representatives are eligible to be appointed Prime Minister, the Prime Minister must be at least 18 years old. A person must also be at least 18 years old to be elected to a village council.

Brazil

The Brazilian Constitution (Article 14, Section 3 (VI)) defines 35 years as the minimum age for someone to be elected president, Vice-President or Senator; 30 years for state Governor or Vice-Governor; 21 for Federal or State Deputy, Mayor or Vice-Mayor; and 18 for city Councilman.

Canada

In Canada, to be eligible to run for elected office (municipal, provincial, federal) one must be a minimum of 18 years or older on the day of the election.^[18] Prior to 1970, the age requirement was 21 along with the voting age.

However, to be appointed to the Senate (Upper House), one must be at least 30 years of age, must possess land worth at least $4,000 in the province for which they are appointed, and must own real and personal property worth at least $4,000, above their debts and liabilities.^[19]

In the province of Ontario, Sam Oosterhoff, a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, was first elected at the age of 19 in a November 2016 by-election, the youngest Ontario MPP to ever be elected. ^[20]

Pierre-Luc Dusseault (born May 31, 1991) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2011 federal election at the age of 19, becoming the youngest Member of Parliament in the country's history. He was sworn into office two days after his 20th birthday. He was re-elected in 2015 but lost his seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election.^[21]

Central African Republic

Article 36 of the 2016 Constitution of the Central African Republic requires that candidates for President must "be aged thirty-five (35) years at least [on] the day of the deposit of the dossier of the candidature".^[22]

Chile

In Chile the minimum age required to be elected President of the Republic is 35 years on the day of the election. Before the 2005 reforms the requirement was 40 years, and from 1925 to 1981 it was 30 years. For senators it is 35 years (between 1981 and 2005 it was 40 years) and for deputies it is 21 years (between 1925 and 1970 it was 35 years).^[23]

China

In China the minimum age to be elected as president or vice-president is 45.^[24] All citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election.^[25]

Cyprus

In Cyprus the minimum age to be elected president is 35 years. The minimum age to run for the House of Representatives was 25 years until the Constitution was amended in 2019 to lower the limit to 21.^[26]

Czech Republic

In the Czech Republic, a person must be at least 18-years-old to be elected in local elections. A person must be at least 21 years old to be elected to the lower house of the Czech Parliament or to the European Parliament and 40 years old to be a member of the upper house (Senate) of the Parliament or the President of the Czech Republic.

Denmark

In Denmark, any adult 18 years of age or older can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.

Estonia

In Estonia, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected in local elections, and 21 years or older in parliamentary elections. The minimum age for the President of Estonia is 40.^[27]

France

In France, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected to the lower house of Parliament, and 24 years or older for the Senate. The minimum age for the President of France is 18.

Germany

In Germany a citizen must be 18 or over to be elected at the national level, like the Chancellor, and this age to be elected at the regional or local level. A person must be 40 or over to be President.

Greece

In Greece, those aged 25 years old and over who hold Greek citizenship are eligible to stand and be elected to the Hellenic Parliament.^[28] All over 40 years old are eligible to stand for presidency.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong a person must be at least 21 to be candidate in a district council or Legislative Council election.^{[29] [30]} A person must be at least 40 to be candidate in the Chief Executive election, and also at least 40 to be candidate in the election for the President of the Legislative Council from among the members of the Legislative Council.^[31]

Iceland

For the office of President, any Icelandic citizen who has reached the age of 35 and fulfills the requirement necessary to vote in elections to the Althing is eligible to be elected president.^[32]

India

In India a person must be at least:

• 35 to be the President or Vice President, Governor, and Lieutenant Governor of the states and union territories as specified in the Constitution of India
• 30 to be a member of Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament of India) and a State Legislative Council (the upper house of a State Legislature, in those states where the legislature is bicameral).
• 25 to be the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Union Minister, Chief Minister, Assembly Speaker, and State Minister in the state governments. Additionally, to be a member of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament of India) and a State Legislative Assembly (the lower house or only house of a State Legislature in the states of India.)
• 21 to be the Mayor, Chairperson, Head and a Member (Members are variously called Corporators/Councillors/Ward Members according to the type of their respective local bodies) of a Municipal Corporation, Municipal Council, Nagar Panchayat, District Council, Block Panchayat, and Gram Panchayat respectively.

Criticism has been on the rise to decrease the age of candidacy in India. Young India Foundation has been working on a campaign to decrease the age of candidacy in India for MPs and MLAs to better reflect the large young demographic of India.^[33]

Indonesia

In Indonesia a person must be at least:

• 40 to be President or Vice President or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections as specified in the Constitution of Indonesia
• 30 to be Governor or Lieutenant Governor, as specified in the 2004 Regional Government Act
• 25 to be Regent, Vice Regent, Mayor, or Deputy Mayor, as specified in the 2004 Regional Government Act
• 21 to be Senator or Representative in both national and local parliament, as specified in the 2008 Election Act

Israel

In Israel one must be at least 21 to become a member of the Knesset (section 6(a)) or a municipality. When the Prime Minister was directly elected, one must have been a member of the Knesset who is at least 30 to be a candidate for Prime Minister. Every Israeli Citizen (including minors) can be appointed as a Government Minister, or elected as President of Israel, but the latter role is mostly ceremonial and elected by the Parliament.

Italy

In Italy, a person must be at least 50 to be President of the Republic, 40 to be a Senator, and 25 to be a Deputy, as specified in the 1947 Constitution of Italy. 18 years of age is sufficient, however, to be elected member of the Council of Regions, Provinces, and Municipalities (Communes).

Iran

In Iran a person must be at least 21 years old to run for president.

Iraq

The Iraqi constitution states that a person must be at least 40 years old to run for president and 35 years old to be Prime Minister. Until 2019, the electoral law set the age limit at 30 years old for candidates to run for the Council of Representatives.^[34] However, the new Iraqi Council of Representatives Election Law (passed in 2019, yet to be enacted) lowered the age limit to 28.^[35]

Ireland

The 1937 Constitution of Ireland requires the President to be at least 35 and members of the Oireachtas (legislature) to be 21.^[36] Members of the European Parliament for Ireland must also be 21.^[37] Members of local authorities must be 18, reduced from 21 in 1973.^[38] The 1922–1937 Constitution of the Irish Free State required TDs (members of the Dáil, lower house) to be 21,^[39] whereas Senators had to be 35 (reduced to 30 in 1928).^[40] At the 1987 general election, the High Court ruled that a candidate (Hugh Hall) was eligible who reached the minimum age after the date of nomination but before the date of election.^[41] The Thirty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2015 proposed to lower the presidential age limit to 21.^[42] However, this proposal was rejected by 73% of the voters.

Japan

In Japan a person must be at least:

• 25 to be the Member of parliament of the House of Representatives with Japanese nationality, to be the Member of metropolitan, prefecture, city, town, or village with valid vote rights, or to be the Mayor
• 30 to be the Governor, or to be the Member of parliament of the House of Councillors with Japanese nationality. See also House of Peers (Japan).

Lithuania

In Lithuania a person must be at least:

• 21 to be the Member of parliament of the Seimas with Lithuanian nationality.
• 40 to be the President of Lithuania with Lithuanian nationality.

Luxembourg

In Luxembourg a person must be at least 18-years-old to stand as a candidate to be a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the country's unicameral national legislature.^[43]

Malaysia

See also: Parliament of Malaysia. In Malaysia a citizen shall be over 18 years of age to become a candidate and be elected to the Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Undangan Negeri, and a person shall be over 30 to be the Senator by constitution.

Mexico

In Mexico, a person must be at least 35 to be president, 25 to be a senator, or 21 to be a Congressional Deputy, as specified in the 1917 Constitution of Mexico.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, any adult 18 years of age or older can become elected in any public election. To be a candidate the person has to reach this age during the time for which the elections are held.

New Zealand

In New Zealand the minimum age to be Prime Minister of New Zealand is 18 years old. Citizens and permanent residents who are enrolled as an elector are eligible to be a candidate for election as a Member of Parliament.

Nigeria

In Nigeria, a person must be at least 35 years of age to be elected President or Vice President, 35 to be a senator, 30 to be a State Governor, and 25 to be a Representative in parliament or Member of the States' House of Assembly.^[44]

North Korea

In North Korea, any person eligible to vote in elections to the Supreme People's Assembly is also eligible to stand for candidacy. The age for both voting and candidacy is 17.^[45]

Norway

In Norway, any adult, aged 18 or over within the calendar year, can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.

Palestine

Palestinian parliamentary candidates must be at least 28 years old, while the presidential candidates must be at least 40 years old.^[46]

Pakistan

In Pakistan, a person must be at least 45 years old to be President. A person must be at least 25 years old to be a member of the provincial assembly or national assembly.^[47]

Philippines

Ages of candidacy in the Philippines^{[48] [49] [50]} !Type of candidate !! Minimum age

	40
	35
	25
	25
Provincial-level elected official	23
City-level elected official in Highly Urbanized Cities	23
Mayor or Vice Mayor of all other cities or municipalities	21
Member of Sangguniang Panlungsod or Sangguniang Bayan in all other cities or municipalities	18
Barangay-level elected official (except for Sangguniang Kabataan)	18
Member of Sangguniang Kabataan	15^[51]

Poland

Ages of candidacy in Poland! Type of candidate !! Minimum age

	35
	30
	25
	21
	21
	18

Portugal

References

President	35	^[52]
Parliament	18	^[53]

Russia

In Russia a person must be at least 35 to run for president.^[54]

Singapore

In Singapore a person must be at least 45 years old to run for president.^[55] 21 year-olds can stand in parliamentary elections.

South Africa

Section 47, Clause 1 of the 1996 Constitution of South Africa states that "Every citizen who is qualified to vote for the National Assembly is eligible to be a member of the Assembly", defaulting to Section 46 which "provides for a minimum voting age of 18 years" in National Assembly elections; Sections 106 and 105 provide the same for provincial legislatures.

South Korea

Ages of candidacy in South Korea^[56] !Type of candidate!Minimum age

President	40
Member of Parliament, Member of Legislative Assembly, Councillor	18
Mayor	18
Governor	18

Spain

Spain has two legislative chambers of Parliament, a lower house and an upper house. These are the Congress of Deputies (lower house) and the Senate of Spain (upper house) respectively. The minimum age requirement to stand and to be elected to either house is 18 years of age.^[57]

Sweden

In Sweden, any citizen at least 18 years old, who resides, or who has resided in the realm can be elected to parliament.^[58] Citizens of Sweden, the European Union, Norway or Iceland aged 18 and over may be elected to county or municipal council. Citizens of other countries may also be elected to council, provided they have resided in the realm for at least three years.^[59]

Switzerland

In Switzerland, any citizen aged 18 or over can become a candidate and be elected in any federal election.

Taiwan

In the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan), the minimum age of candidacy is 23, unless otherwise specified in the Constitution or any relevant laws.^[60] The Civil Servants Election and Recall Act specifies that candidates for township, city, and indigenous district chiefs must be at least 26, and candidates for municipality, county, and city governors must be at least 30.^[61] The minimum age to be elected as president or vice-president is 40.^[62]

Tibet

The 14th Dalai Lama was enthroned at the age of 4, and none of his predecessors have been enthroned before age 4. The coming of age for the Dalai Lama is 18, when responsibilities are assumed.

Turkey

The 1876 constitution set the age for parliamentary elections as 30. This remained unchanged until 13 October 2006, when it was lowered to 25 through a constitutional amendment. In 2017, it was further lowered to 18, the same as the voting age.^[63] In presidential elections the candidacy age is 40.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a person must be aged 18 or over to stand in elections to all parliaments, assemblies, and councils within the UK, devolved, or local level. This age requirement also applies in elections to any individual elective public office; the main example is that of an elected mayor, whether of London or a local authority. There are no higher age requirements for particular positions in public office. Candidates are required to be aged 18 on both the day of nomination and the day of the poll. This was reduced from 21 by the Electoral Administration Act 2006.

United States

See main article: article and Age of candidacy laws in the United States. In the United States, a person must be aged 35 or over to serve as president. To be a senator, a person must be aged 30 or over. To be a Representative, a person must be aged 25 or older. This is specified in the U.S. Constitution. Most states in the U.S. also have age requirements for the offices of Governor, State Senator, and State Representative.^[64] Some states have a minimum age requirement to hold any elected office (usually 21 or 18).

Venezuela

In Venezuela, a person must be at least 30 to be President or Vice President,^[65] 21 to be a deputy for the National Assembly^[66] and 25 to be the Governor of a state.^[67]

Comparison chart

Dashes indicate that the position or house does not exist in that particular country, such as countries that are unicameral.

President! data-sort-type="number"

Vice President	data-sort-type="number"	Prime Minister	data-sort-type="number"	Upper house	data-sort-type="number"	Lower house	References
Albania	40		18	-	18	^[68] ^[69] ^[70]
	40			40	28	^[71] ^[72]
Andorra	18		18	-	18	^[73] ^[74]
	35		-	-	35
Argentina	30	30	-	30	25	^[75] ^[76] ^[77] ^[78]
Armenia	40	-	25	-	25	^[79] ^[80]
Australia	-	-	18	18	18
Austria	35	-	18	18	18	^[81] ^[82]
		18	18	-	18	^[83]
	-	-	21	30	21	^[84]
	-	-	30	35	30	^[85]
Bangladesh	35	-	25	-	25	^[86] ^[87] ^[88]
		-	21	21	21	^[89]
	35	-	-	30	21	^[90]
Belgium	-	-	18	18	18	^[91] ^[92]
Belize	-	-	18	18	18	^[93]
	40		-	-	25	^[94]
	-	-	25	25	25	^[95]
	30	30	-	18	18	^[96]
	30	30	-	-	18	^[97]
Brazil	35	35	-	35	21	^[98]
	21	21		-	21	^[99]
	35^[100]	-		-		^[101]
	40			35	25	^[102]
	35			-	18	^[103]
	35	-		40	23	^[104]
Canada	-	-		30	18	^[105]
Central African Republic	35	-	-	-	-
Chile	35		-	35	21	^[106]
China	45	45		-	18
Colombia	30	30	-	30	25	^[107] ^[108]
	35	-		-	18	^[109]
	30	-	25	30	25	^[110]
	30	-		45	25
	30	30	-	-	21	^[111]
	35			-	23	^[112]
Croatia	18			-	18	^[113] ^[114] ^[115]
	35	35	35	-	18	^[116]
Cyprus	35	35 (indefinitely vacant)	-	25	25	^[117]
Czech Republic	40			40	21	^[118]
Denmark	-	-	18	-	18	^[119]
	40	-		-	23	^[120]
	40	-	21	21	21	^[121]
	30	30	-	25	21	^[122]
	35			-	17	^[123] ^[124]
	30	30	-	-	18	^[125]
Egypt	40	40	35	35	25	^[126] ^[127]
	30		-	-	25	^[128]
	40		-	-	25	^[129]
Estonia	40			-	21
Ethiopia				21	21	^[130]
		-	18	-	18	^[131]
Finland	18	-	18	-	18	^[132] ^[133] ^[134]
France	18			24	18
	30		-	-	21	^[135]
Georgia	40	-	18	-	25	^[136]
Germany	40	-		18	18	^[137]
	40		-	-	21	^[138]
Greece	40	-	25	-	25	^[139] ^[140]
	-	-	18	18	18	^[141]
	40	40		18	18	^[142]
	35	-		-	21	^[143]
	18	18	18	-	18	^[144]
Hong Kong	-	-	-		21
	30	30	-	-	21	^[145]
Hungary	35	-		-	18	^[146] ^[147]
Iceland	35	-		-	18	^[148]
India	35	35	25	30	25	^[149]
Indonesia	40 or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections	40 or has or is currently holding a position elected through general elections, including regional head elections	-	21	21
	21		-	-	26	^[150]
Iraq	40		35	(never established)	28	^[151] ^[152] ^[153]
Ireland	35	-		30	21	^[154]
Israel		-	30	-	21	^[155]
Italy	50	-		40	25	^[156]
	-	-	21	21	21	^[157]
Japan	-	-	30	30	25	^[158] ^[159]
Jordan	-	-	40	40	30	^[160]
	40	-		30	25	^[161]
Kenya	18	18	-	18	18	^[162] ^[163]
	21		-	-	21	^[164]
	-	-	30	-	30	^[165]
	35	-	21	-	21	^[166]
	18	18	18	-	18	^[167]
	20	20	20	-	20	^[168]
	40	-		-	21	^[169]
	-	-	18	21	18	^[170]
	35		-	30	25	^[171]
	40	-		-	25	^[172]
Luxembourg	-	-		-	18
	35	-				^[173]
	35	35	-	(never established)	21	^[174]
Malaysia	-	-	21	30	21	^[175]
	35	35	-	-	18	^[176]
Malta				-	18	^[177] ^[178]
	21	-	-	-	21	^[179]
	40	-		35	25	^[180]
	40	40	18	-	18	^[181]
Mexico	35	-	-	25	21	^[182]
	30	30	-	-	30	^[183]
	40			-	18	^[184]
	45	-		-	25	^[185]
	18	-	18	-	18	^[186]
	35	-		-	18	^[187]
Myanmar	45			30 (dissolved)	25 (dissolved)	^[188] ^[189]
	35	35	21	21	21	^[190]
	20	-	-	-	20	^[191]
	45		35	35	25	^[192]
Netherlands	-	-	18	18	18	^[193]
New Zealand	-	-	18	-	18	^[194]
	25	25	-	-	21	^[195]
Nigeria	35	35		35	30	^[196]
				-	17	^[197] ^[198]
Norway	-	-	18	-	18	^[199]
Pakistan	45	-	25	30	25	^[200]
	35	35	-	25	25	^[201]
	40	-	-	-	28
	35	35	-	-	21	^[202]
	-	-		-	25	^[203]
	30	30	-	35	25	^[204]
	35	35	-	-	25	^[205]
Philippines	40	40		35	25	^[206]
Poland	35	-		30	21	^[207]
Portugal	35	-		-	18	^[208] ^[209]
	-	-		-	30	^[210]
Romania	35	-		33	23	^[211] ^[212] ^[213] ^[214] ^[215]
	35	-		-	21	^[216]
	35	-		40	21	^[217]
	-	-	21	21	21	^[218]
	-	-	21	30	21	^[219]
	-	-	21	21	21	^[220]
	35	-		-	18	^[221]
	35	-		-	25	^[222]
Serbia		-		-	18	^[223]
	18	18	-	-	18	^[224]
	40		-	-	21	^[225]
Singapore	45	-	21	-	21	^[226]
	40	-	21	-	21	^[227]
	-	-	21	-	21	^[228]
South Africa			18	18	18	^[229]
	40	-	-	-	18	^[230]
Spain	-	-		18	18
	18	-	18	-	18	^[231]
	30	30	30	-	21	^[232]
Sweden	-	-	18	-	18	^[233]
Switzerland	18	18	18	18	18	^[234]
	40	40	-	-	23	^[235]
	30	-		30	30	^[236]
	40		21	-	21	^[237] ^[238]
Thailand	-	-	35	40	25	^[239]
	35	-		-	25	^[240]
	35	-	18	25	18	^[241]
	35	-		-	23	^[242]
Turkey	40	40	-	-	18	^[243]
	-	-	21	-	21	^[244]
	18	18	18	-	18	^[245]
	35	-		-	21	^[246]
United Kingdom	-	-	18	21	18	^[247]
United States	35	35	-	30	25	^[248]
Uruguay	35		-	30	25	^[249] ^[250] ^[251]
	35	-		25	25	^[252]
	25	-	25	-	25	^[253]
	30	30	-	-	21	^[254]
	21	21	21	-	21	^[255] ^[256]
Zambia	35	35	-	-	21	^[257] ^[258] ^[259]
Zimbabwe	-	-	-	40	21	^[260] ^[261]

See also

• Youth
• Youth suffrage
• Youth rights
• Ageism
• Ballot access
• Electoral reform
• Voting age

Notes and References

1. Book: Broughton, Thomas. The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Marcia Patterson. American Philological Association. 1951. 388.
2. Web site: BYC Youth Manifesto . British Youth Council . 2008 . 28 July 2008 . Young people believe that the age to stand as candidates for local, regional, national and European elections should be 16, as should the age to become a trustee of a charity. Young people have significant responsibilities to society at the age of 16 and can have significant responsibilities in the private sector as company directors; this inconsistency should be rectified. Young people have lots to offer and the decision of their appointment to positions of political authority or governance of organisations should be in the hands of the electorate or membership respectfully. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090306185939/http://www.byc.org.uk/asset_store/documents/amd5a_youth_manifesto_%28annual_meeting_version%29.pdf . 6 March 2009 .
3. "Unsworn Senators". Time (14 January 1935).
4. News: Dick. Battle. Tom Flake. Senate Vote Ousts Fulton. Nashville Banner. 5 January 1955.
5. Web site: Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details. 25 June 2020. bioguideretro.congress.gov.
6. News: O'Brian . Jack . Senate To Have Ineligible Man . Spartanburg Herald . Spartanburg, SC . 11 January 1969 . 15 January 2015 .
7. Book: Freeman, Jo. We Will Be Heard: Women's Struggles for Political Power in the United States. registration. Rowman & Littlefield. 2008. Only 31, Linda Jenness did not meet the Constitutional age requirement to hold the office of President, but the SWP was on the ballot in 25 states — six more than in 1968.. 91.
8. Web site: 1972 Presidential General Election Results. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. 28 July 2008.
9. Web site: Presidency 2004 . Politics1.com . 16 October 2007 . Since they weren't going to be elected anyways, the Socialist Workers Party didn't care that they nominated a ticket entirely ineligible to be elected. Why? Because Róger Calero is both foreign born and also not a US citizen; and Arrin Hawkins is too young. To avoid ballot access problems for the SWP, as the constitutional ineligibility may also render them unable to be listed on the ballot in some states, the 2000 SWP ticket of James Harris for President and Margaret Trowe for Vice President are being used in states that will not permit the Calero-Hawkins slate to be listed. . https://web.archive.org/web/20070730141140/http://www.politics1.com/swp04.htm . 30 July 2007 . dead .
10. Web site: South Dakota Age Qualifications for Elected Officials, Amendment H (1998) . Ballotpedia . 24 June 2019 . en.
11. How old is old enough? . British Youth Council . October 2003 . 16 July 2008 . BYC believes that at the age of 18 a person may hold elected office. A candidate's breadth of life experience is something that can be evaluated by the electorate... BYC strongly believes that the age of voting should be lowered to 16 and candidacy age should be lowered to 18... . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071011083423/http://www.byc.org.uk/downloads/Campaigns/HowOldIsOldEnough.pdf . 11 October 2007 .
12. "The Electoral Administration Act 2006 (Commencement No. 2, Transitional and Savings Provisions) Order 2006", article 3 and Schedule 1(14)(d).
13. Web site: Electoral Administration Act 2006 (c. 22) Part 5 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080702055124/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2006/ukpga_20060022_en_6#pt5-l1g17. Office of Public Sector Information . 2 July 2008.
14. Web site: 27 August 1996 . General Comment Adopted by the Human Rights Committee Under Article 40, Paragraph 4, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231030183241/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsjYoiCfMKoIRv2FVaVzRkMjTnjRO%2Bfud3cPVrcM9YR0iue72QY8oFMq1RR28eUM15L6J1AOT2xcs2D4FgEfOt2liQW2PD1ZsA%2B80ZwK8QWtFzkUhNMfDhFSjgtoCvezhWA%3D%3D . Oct 30, 2023 . OHCHR.
15. Web site: The 43rd Parliament: traits and trends. Lumb. Martin. 2 October 2013 . Parliament of Australia . en-AU. 28 December 2019.
16. http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/erv/erv_1930_1.pdf Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz - Federal Constitutional Law 1920, 1929 version
17. Web site: Individualism, nationalism, ethnocentrism, and authoritarianism: Evidence from Flanders by means of structural equation modeling.. Toharudin. Toni. 2010. University of Groningen/UMCG research database. 28 December 2019.
18. Web site: How to Become a Candidate. www.elections.ca. 21 September 2021.
19. Web site: Office. Privy Council. 7 July 2016. Assessment Criteria. 25 June 2020. aem.
20. Web site: PC Sam Oosterhoff wins Niagara West riding which had average candidate age of 21 | Globalnews.ca.
21. News: Meet Canada's youngest MP in history. The Globe and Mail. 4 May 2011. Curry. Bill.
22. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Central_African_Republic_2016.pdf?lang=en Central African Republic's Constitution of 2016
23. Web site: Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional . leychile.cl . 14 January 2013.
24. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html Constitution of the People's Republic of China
25. Web site: National People's Congress. www.china.org.cn.
26. News: Μειώθηκε το όριο ηλικίας για το αξίωμα του βουλευτή . 25 May 2020 . Philenews . 6 December 2019 . el.
27. Web site: Constitution of the Republic of Estonia. https://web.archive.org/web/20090413062925/http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/constitution.php. 13 April 2009.
28. http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2125_B.htm GREECE Vouli Ton Ellinon (Hellenic Parliament)
29. Legislative Council Ordinance.
30. District Councils Ordinance.
31. Articles 44 and 71(2) of The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
32. Web site: Constitution of the Republic of Iceland. www.government.is. en-US. 19 June 2019.
33. Web site: Age of Candidacy . 10 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180718030912/https://ageofcandidacy.in/ . 18 July 2018 . dead .
34. Law No. 45 of 2013 on Election of the Council of Representatives, Article 8 (a)
35. Law No.X of 2019 The Iraqi Council of Representatives Election Law, article 8(1)
36. Web site: Children and rights in Ireland. Elections. 8 May 2015.
37. Web site: European Parliament Elections Act, 1997, Section 11. Irish Statute Book. 8 May 2015.
38. Web site: Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1973, Section 4. Irish Statute Book. 8 May 2015.
39. Web site: Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann) Act, 1922, Schedule 1. Irish Statute Book. Article 14. 8 May 2015.
40. Constitution of the Irish Free State, Article 31; Web site: Constitution (Amendment No. 8) Act, 1928, Section 1. Irish Statute Book. 8 May 2015.
41. News: Candidate ruled eligible . subscription . 7 August 2024 . The Irish Times . 5 February 1987 . 11.
42. Web site: Referendum 2015: Home. 2015. Referendum Commission. 8 May 2015. Dublin. https://web.archive.org/web/20150508093655/http://referendum.ie/statement-age.php. 8 May 2015.
43. Web site: Luxembourg . Youthpolicy.org . 5 April 2019.
44. Web site: Nigeria: Election Laws Law Library of Congress. Goitom. Hanibal. 2012. www.loc.gov. 28 December 2019.
45. Book: Nohlen. Dieter. Grotz. Florian. Hartmann. Christof. 2001. Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. 2. 399–400. 0-19-924959-8.
46. Web site: General Election Laws. 2021-03-24. www.elections.ps.
47. Web site: Chapter 2: "Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan". www.pakistani.org. 28 December 2019.
48. Web site: The 1987 Consitution of the Republic of the Philippines . Official Gazette . Republic of the Philippines . February 16, 2024.
49. Web site: Local Government Code of 1991 . Department of the Interior and Local Government . February 16, 2024.
50. Web site: Organic Law for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Official Gazette . Republic of the Philippines . February 16, 2024.
51. The maximum age of candidacy for this position is 21.
52. Web site: O que é preciso para ser candidato a Presidente da República. 11 December 2005 . 31 January 2018.
53. Web site: Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura . Comissão Nacional de Eleições (Portugal) . 31 January 2018.
54. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis, Henderson, Jane
55. Constitution, Art. 19(2)(b).
56. Web site: Assembly passes bill on lowering age of candidacy for parliament to 18 . 31 December 2021 .
57. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/spain/ Spain
58. Instrument of Government, section 3, 4 §.
59. SFS (2017:725)
60. XII . 130 . the Republic of China . 1947.
61. 15 December 2021 . 24 . Ministry of the Interior . Civil Servants Election and Recall Act .
62. IV . 45 . the Republic of China . 1947.
63. Web site: 18 maddelik anayasa değişikliği teklifinin tam metni. Evrensel.net. tr-TR. 10 January 2017.
64. Web site: Age of Candidacy Law & Legal Definition. USLegal.com . 7 November 2012.
65. http://www.psuv.org.ve/constitucion/titulo5-capitulo2/ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter II, Article 227
66. http://www.psuv.org.ve/constitucion/titulo5-capitulo1/ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter I, Article 188, Section 2
67. http://www.psuv.org.ve/constitucion/titulo4-capitulo3/ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 4, Chapter III, Article 160
68. Web site: Albania - Definition of Youth . 11 June 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 16 December 2021.
69. Web site: ALBANIA - Kuvendi (Parliament) . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 16 December 2021.
70. Web site: Albania 1998 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
71. Web site: Algeria 2020 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-23 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
72. Web site: Factsheets Youthpolicy.org . 2023-12-31 . www.youthpolicy.org.
73. Web site: Andorra - Definition of Youth . 21 April 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 22 October 2023.
74. Web site: ANDORRA . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 22 October 2023.
75. Web site: Argentina - Definition of Youth . 22 September 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 16 December 2021 .
76. Web site: ARGENTINA - Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies) . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 16 December 2021.
77. Web site: ARGENTINA - Senado (Senate) . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 16 December 2021.
78. Web site: Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
79. Web site: National Assembly of Armenia Official Web Site parliament.am. www.parliament.am. 15 May 2018.
80. Web site: Election Code of Armenia. hy.
81. https://archive.today/20070929125342/http://www.parlinkom.gv.at/pls/portal/docs/page/PG/DE/XXIII/I/I_00129/FNAMEORIG_079516.HTML 31/BNR (XXIII. GP) Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz
82. Web site: Austria 1920 (reinst. 1945, rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
83. Web site: Azerbaijan 1995 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-23 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
84. Web site: Bahamas (The) 1973 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-23 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
85. Web site: Bahrain 2002 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-23 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
86. Web site: Bangladesh - Definition of Youth . 11 June 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 16 December 2021 .
87. Web site: BANGLADESH - Jatiya Sangsad (Parliament) . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 16 December 2021.
88. Web site: Bangladesh 1972 (reinst. 1986, rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
89. Web site: Barbados 1966 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-23 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
90. Web site: Belarus 1994 (rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
91. https://www.senate.be/doc/const_nl.html Grondwet van België
92. Web site: Belgium 1831 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
93. http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/ Laws of Belize
94. Web site: Benin 1990 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
95. Web site: Bhutan 2008 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
96. Web site: Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2009 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
97. Web site: Botswana 1966 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
98. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm Brazilian Constitution (in Portuguese)
99. Web site: Bulgaria 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
100. Incumbent Ibrahim Traoré was 34 years old when he became president through a military coup.
101. Web site: Burkina Faso 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2024-03-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
102. Web site: Burundi 2018 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
103. Web site: Cape Verde 1980 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
104. Web site: Cameroon 1972 (rev. 2008) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
105. Web site: Canada 1867 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
106. Web site: Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional. leychile.cl. 14 January 2013.
107. Web site: Colombia - Definition of Youth . 28 April 2014 . youthpolicy.org . 3 January 2022.
108. Web site: Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
109. Web site: Comoros 2018 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
110. Web site: Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute . 2024-03-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
111. Web site: Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2020) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
112. Web site: Côte d'Ivoire 2016 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
113. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/44055 The Law on the Election of the President of the Republic of Croatia
114. http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2077_B.htm CROATIA Hrvatski Sabor (Croatian Parliament)
115. https://www.expatincroatia.com/voting-in-croatia/ Voting in Croatia
116. Web site: Cuba 2019 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
117. Web site: Cyprus 1960 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
118. Web site: Průvodce Poslaneckou sněmovnou. www.psp.cz.
119. Web site: Denmark 1953 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
120. Web site: Djibouti 1992 (rev. 2010) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
121. Web site: Dominica 1978 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
122. Web site: Dominican Republic 2015 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-24 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
123. Web site: Youth Policy . youthpolicy.org.
124. Web site: Timor-Leste 2002 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
125. Web site: Ecuador 2008 (rev. 2021) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
126. Web site: Egypt - Definition of Youth . 19 October 2014 . youthpolicy.org . 3 January 2022.
127. Web site: Egypt 2014 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
128. Web site: El Salvador 1983 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
129. Web site: Equatorial Guinea 1991 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
130. Web site: Ethiopia - Definition of Youth . 24 October 2014 . youthpolicy.org . 3 January 2022.
131. Web site: Fiji 2013 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
132. Web site: Finland . 24 October 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 25 April 2019.
133. Web site: Elections and voting in Finland . infoFinland.fi . 25 April 2019.
134. News: Reidy . Theresa . 5 February 2015 . Yes: Why we should vote in favour of lowering the age of candidates eligible to become President . The Irish Times . 25 April 2019.
135. Web site: Gambia (The) 1996 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
136. Web site: Georgia 1995 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
137. https://www.uni-marburg.de/administration/recht/wahlrecht/landtagswahlgesetz Landtagswahlgesetz - LWG
138. Web site: Ghana 1992 (rev. 1996) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
139. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/greece/ Greece
140. Web site: Greece 1975 (rev. 2008) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
141. Web site: Grenada 1973 (reinst. 1991, rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
142. Web site: Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
143. Web site: Guinea-Bissau 1984 (rev. 1996) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
144. Web site: Guyana 1980 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
145. Web site: Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
146. Web site: Hungary - Definition of Youth . 24 October 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 16 December 2021.
147. Web site: HUNGARY - Orszaggyules (National Assembly) . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 16 December 2021.
148. Web site: Iceland 1944 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
149. Web site: India 1949 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
150. Web site: Infographic: Choosing Iran's next president. Piven. Ben. Ben Willers. 11 June 2013. Al Jazeera English. 12 June 2013.
151. Constitution of Iraq, Article 68
152. Constitution of Iraq, Article 77
153. Iraqi Election Law 2019, Article 8(1)
154. Constitution of Ireland Article 12.4.1° (President) Article 16.1.1° (Dáil Éireann), Article 18.2 (Seanad Éireann)
155. Web site: Israel 1958 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
156. Web site: Italy 1947 (rev. 2020) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
157. Web site: Jamaica 1962 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
158. Web site: 公職選挙法. Ministry of Justice (Japan). 26 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160729161838/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S25/S25HO100.html. 29 July 2016. dead.
159. Web site: Japan 1946 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
160. Web site: Jordan 1952 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
161. Web site: Kazakhstan 1995 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
162. Web site: Kenya - Definition of Youth . 28 April 2014 . youthpolicy.org . 3 January 2022.
163. Web site: Kenya 2010 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
164. Web site: Kiribati 1979 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
165. Web site: Kuwait 1962 (reinst. 1992) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
166. Web site: Kyrgyzstan 2010 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
167. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/kosovo/ Kosovo
168. Web site: Lao People's Democratic Republic 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2024-03-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
169. Web site: Latvia 1922 (reinst. 1991, rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
170. Web site: Lesotho 1993 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
171. Web site: Liberia 1986 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
172. Web site: Lithuania 1992 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
173. Web site: Madagascar 2010 Constitution - Constitute . 2024-03-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
174. Web site: Malawi 1994 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
175. Web site: Malaysia 1957 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
176. Web site: Maldives 2008 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
177. Web site: Malta - Definition of Youth . 12 October 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 16 December 2021.
178. Web site: MALTA - Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati (House of Representatives) . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 16 December 2021.
179. Web site: Marshall Islands 1979 (rev. 1995) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
180. Web site: Mauritania 1991 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
181. Web site: Mauritius 1968 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
182. Web site: Mexico 1917 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
183. Web site: Micronesia (Federated States of) 1978 (rev. 1990) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
184. Web site: Moldova (Republic of) 1994 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
185. Web site: Mongolia 1992 (rev. 2001) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
186. Web site: Montenegro 2007 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
187. Web site: Mozambique 2004 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
188. Web site: Myanmar - Definition of Youth . 24 October 2014 . youthpolicy.org . 3 January 2022.
189. Web site: Myanmar 2008 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
190. Web site: Namibia 1990 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
191. Web site: Nauru 1968 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
192. Web site: Nepal 2015 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
193. Web site: Kieswet. Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en. Koninkrijksrelaties. wetten.overheid.nl.
194. Web site: New Zealand 1852 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
195. Web site: Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
196. Web site: Nigeria 1999 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
197. Web site: Youth Policy . youthpolicy.org.
198. Book: Nohlen. Dieter. Grotz. Florian. Hartmann. Christof. 2001. Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. 2. 399–400. 0-19-924959-8.
199. Web site: Norway 1814 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
200. Web site: Pakistan 1973 (reinst. 2002, rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
201. Web site: Palau 1981 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
202. Web site: Panama 1972 (rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
203. Web site: Papua New Guinea 1975 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
204. Web site: Paraguay 1992 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
205. Web site: Peru 1993 (rev. 2021) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
206. Web site: Philippines 1987 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
207. Web site: Poland 1997 (rev. 2009) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
208. Web site: O que é preciso para ser candidato a Presidente da República. 11 December 2005 . 31 January 2018.
209. Web site: Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura. Cmoissão Nacional de Eleições (Portugal). 31 January 2018.
210. Web site: Qatar 2003 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
211. Web site: Romania Parliamentary Elections 9 December 2012 OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report . 9 December 2012 . Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights . 23 April 2019.
212. Web site: Romania . youthpolicy.org . 23 April 2019.
213. Web site: Standing as a candidate . European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights . 14 November 2017 . 23 April 2019.
214. News: 5 February 2015 . Yes: Why we should vote in favour of lowering the age of candidates eligible to become President . The Irish Times . 23 April 2019.
215. Web site: Romania 1991 (rev. 2003) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
216. Web site: Russia - Definition of Youth . 11 June 2014 . youthpolicy.org . 3 January 2022.
217. Web site: Rwanda 2003 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-25 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
218. Web site: Saint Kitts and Nevis 1983 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
219. Web site: Saint Lucia 1978 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
220. Web site: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
221. Web site: Sao Tome and Principe 1975 (rev. 2003) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
222. Web site: Senegal 2001 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
223. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/serbia/ Serbia
224. Web site: Seychelles 1993 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
225. Web site: Sierra Leone 1991 (reinst. 1996, rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
226. Web site: Singapore 1963 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
227. Web site: Slovakia 1992 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
228. Web site: Solomon Islands 1978 (rev. 2018) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
229. Web site: South Africa 1996 (rev. 2012) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
230. Web site: 국가법령정보센터. www.law.go.kr.
231. Web site: Sri Lanka 1978 (rev. 2015) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
232. Web site: Suriname 1987 (rev. 1992) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
233. http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2303.htm SWEDEN Riksdagen (Parliament)
234. Web site: Switzerland 1999 (rev. 2014) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
235. Web site: Taiwan (Republic of China) 1947 (rev. 2005) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
236. Web site: Tajikistan 1994 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
237. Web site: Tanzania - Definition of Youth . 4 June 2014 . youthpolicy.org . 3 January 2022.
238. Web site: Tanzania (United Republic of) 1977 (rev. 2005) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
239. Web site: Thailand 2017 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
240. Web site: Togo 1992 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
241. Web site: Trinidad and Tobago 1976 (rev. 2007) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
242. Web site: Tunisia 2014 Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-26 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
243. Web site: 18 maddelik anayasa değişikliği teklifinin tam metni. 10 January 2017. Evrensel.net. tr-TR.
244. Web site: Tuvalu 1986 (rev. 2010) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-28 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
245. Web site: Uganda 1995 (rev. 2017) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-28 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
246. Web site: Ukraine 1996 (rev. 2019) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-28 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
247. Web site: How can I stand in an election?. www.parliament.uk. 23 January 2019.
248. Web site: Age of Candidacy Law & Legal Definition. USLegal.com. 7 November 2012.
249. Web site: Uruguay . Youthpolicy.org . 6 April 2019.
250. Web site: URUGUAY Cámara de Representantes (House of Representatives) . INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION . 6 April 2019.
251. Web site: Uruguay 1966 (reinst. 1985, rev. 2004) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
252. Web site: Uzbekistan 1992 (rev. 2011) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-28 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
253. Web site: Vanuatu 1980 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-28 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
254. Web site: Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1999 (rev. 2009) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
255. Web site: Luật Bầu cử đại biểu Quốc hội và đại biểu Hội đồng nhân dân 2015. 2021-10-23. thuvienphapluat.vn.
256. Web site: Viet Nam 1992 (rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
257. Web site: Zambia - Definition of Youth . 3 June 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 16 December 2021.
258. Web site: ZAMBIA - National Assembly . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 16 December 2021.
259. Web site: Zambia 1991 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute . 2023-10-21 . www.constituteproject.org . en.
260. Web site: Zimbabwe - Definition of Youth . 11 June 2014 . Youthpolicy.org . 22 October 2023.
261. Web site: ZIMBABWE . Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) . 22 October 2023.