Vaccination schedule explained

A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen.^[1] Vaccines go through multiple phases of trials to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Many vaccines require multiple doses for maximum effectiveness, either to produce sufficient initial immune response or to boost response that fades over time. For example, tetanus vaccine boosters are often recommended every 10 years.^[2] Vaccine schedules are developed by governmental agencies or physicians groups to achieve maximum effectiveness using required and recommended vaccines for a locality while minimizing the number of health care system interactions. Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed.^[3]

Some vaccines are recommended only in certain areas (countries, sub national areas, or at-risk populations) where a disease is common. For instance, yellow fever vaccination is on the routine vaccine schedule of French Guiana, is recommended in certain regions of Brazil but in the United States is only given to travelers heading to countries with a history of the disease.^[4] In developing countries, vaccine recommendations also take into account the level of health care access, the cost of vaccines and issues with vaccine availability and storage. Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9 months of life and costing only $25.^[5] This difference is due to the lower cost of health care, the lower cost of many vaccines provided to developing nations, and that more expensive vaccines, often for less common diseases, are not utilized.

Worldwide

The World Health Organization monitors vaccination schedules across the world, noting what vaccines are included in each country's program, the coverage rates achieved and various auditing measures.^[6] The table below shows the types of vaccines given in example countries. The WHO publishes on its website current vaccination schedules for all WHO member states.^[7] Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure. Examples include rabies, anthrax, cholera and smallpox.^{[8] [9]}

By country

Australia

The Immunise Australia Program implements the National Immunization Program (NIP) Schedule. All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.^[13]

Infection! rowspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width: 5.8em;" scope="col"

Birth	Months					Years							Women
2	4	6	12	18	4	12–<13	14–<16	>15	>50	65+	70
Rotavirus		RV	RV
Hepatitis A					HepA§	HepA§
Hepatitis B	HepB	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib			DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib
Diphtheria								Tdap						Tdap
Pertussis
Tetanus
Polio								DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib
Haemophilus influenzae
Meningococcus					MenACWY	MenACWY			MenACWY	MenACWY
Pneumococcus		PCV13	PCV13	PCV13	PCV13	PCV13
				PCV13§
							PPSV23			PPSV23§	PPSV23§	PPSV23
Measles					MMR	MMRV	MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Human papillomavirus								HPV x2	HPV x2
Influenza				IIV (yearly)								IIV (yearly)
				IIV (yearly)
				IIV (yearly)§
Herpes Zoster													ZVL

Austria

Austrian vaccine recommendations are developed by the National Vaccination Board (German: text=Nationales Impfgremium), which is part of the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection.^[14]

Children aged 14 and older can be vaccinated without parental consent.^[15]

Brazil

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the public health services.

Infection!valign=bottom rowspan=2

Gestation	valign=bottom rowspan=2	Birth	Months								Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	3	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	5	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	9	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	15	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	5	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	9	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	11	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	10–59	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	60+
style=text-align:left	Tuberculosis		BCG
style=text-align:left	Leprosy
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis A										HepA
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B		HepB	5V		5V		5V
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria										DTP	DTP				dT
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae
style=text-align:left	Polio			IPV		IPV		IPV			OPV	OPV
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus			10v		10v				10v
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus				MenC		MenC			MenC					MenC
style=text-align:left	Rotavirus			RV		RV
style=text-align:left	Measles									MMR	MMRV
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
style=text-align:left	Varicella														VV
style=text-align:left	Yellow fever								YF
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus													HPVx2 (girls)	HPVx2 (boys)
style=text-align:left	Flu							IIV (yearly)									IIV (yearly)

Canada

In Canada, publicly funded immunization schedules may vary from province or territory.

Alberta

Infection!colspan=5

Months	Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	10–13	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	15–17	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	65+
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B						HepB
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP	DTaP		Tdap
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae	HIB	HIB	HIB		HIB
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus	PneuC13	PneuC13		PneuC13
style=text-align:left	Polio	IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV	IPV
style=text-align:left	Measles				MMRV		MMRV
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
style=text-align:left	Varicella
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus		MenC		MenC				MenC-ACYW
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus							HPV	HPV (boys)
style=text-align:left	Flu			IIV (yearly)

British Columbia

Infection!colspan=5

Months	Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	10–13	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	15–17	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	65+
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B
style=text-align:left	Rotavirus
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria								Tdap
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus
style=text-align:left	Polio
style=text-align:left	Measles
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
style=text-align:left	Varicella
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus							HPV (girls)
style=text-align:left	Flu			IIV (yearly)

New Brunswick

Infection!valign=bottom rowspan=2

Birth	Months					Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	10–13	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	15–17	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	65+
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria									Tdap
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus
style=text-align:left	Polio
style=text-align:left	Measles
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
style=text-align:left	Varicella
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus									MenC-ACYW
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus								HPV (girls)
style=text-align:left	Flu				IIV (yearly)

Ontario

Infection!colspan=6

Months	Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	15	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	10–13	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	15–17
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B
style=text-align:left	Rotavirus
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria	DTaP								Tdap
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus	PCV13	PCV13
style=text-align:left	Polio
style=text-align:left	Measles
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
style=text-align:left	Varicella					VV
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus				MenC				MenC-ACYW
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus								HPV (girls)

Quebec

Infection!colspan=5

Months	Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4–6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	9	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	14–16	Adult	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	50	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	65	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	75
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis A
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B
style=text-align:left	Rotavirus
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria			DTaP			Tdap		Tdap	Tdap	Tdap
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus	PCV10	PCV10									PPV23
style=text-align:left	Polio
style=text-align:left	Measles
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
style=text-align:left	Varicella
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus							HPV
style=text-align:left	Flu				IIV	IIV							IIV (yearly)

Finland

Infection! rowspan="2" style="width: 4.5em;" valign="bottom" scope="col"

Birth	Months						Years
2	3	5	6	12	18	3	4	6	11–12	14–15	25	65+
Tuberculosis	BCG
Rotavirus		RV	RV	RV
Diphtheria			DTaP	DTaP		DTaP			DTaP			Tdap	Td (10yearly)
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio			IPV	IPV		IPV			IPV
Haemophilus influenzae			HIB	HIB		HIB
Hepatitis B	HepB
Pneumococcus			PCV10^[16]	PCV10		PCV10								PCV13 + PPSV23
Measles						MMR				MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella							VV
Human papillomavirus											HPV^[17]
Influenza					IIV3									IIV3
Tick-borne encephalitis								TBE

History

1960: Mumps vaccinations for military recruits.

1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children.

1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers.

1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme.

2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children (September 2009)

2010: PCV introduced at 3, 5 and 12 months of age to all children (September 2010).

2013: HPV vaccination of girls introduced

2017: Varicella vaccination introduced (1 September 2017) at 18 months, 6 years + catch-up of all born from 1 January 2006 or after with no history of varicella.

2020: HPV vaccination of boys introduced^[18]

France

Infection! colspan="11" scope="col"

Months	Years
0	1	2	4	6	11	12	13	15	16–18	23	2	5	6	11–13	25	45	65+
Tuberculosis	BCG		BCG
Diphtheria			D	D		D								D	D	d
Tetanus			TT	TT		TT								TT		TT
Pertussis			acP	acP		acP								acP		acp
Polio			IPV	IPV		IPV								IPV		IPV
Haemophilus influenzae			Hib	Hib		Hib
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB	HepB	HepB
Pneumococcus			PCV	PCV		PCV
Meningococcus							MenC
Measles					MEAS					MEAS
Mumps							MUMPS			MUMPS
Rubella							RUMBE			RUMBE
Human papillomavirus															HPV
Influenza																		TIV
Herpes Zoster																		HZ

Germany

In Germany, a vaccination schedule is developed by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), which operates as part of the Robert Koch Institute. The recommendations are generally adopted by the Federal Joint Committee.

Infection! scope="col"

Weeks	Months								Years
6	2	3	4	11	12	14	15	23	2	5–6	9	14	15	17	18–45	59	>60
Rotavirus	RV	RV	RV
Diphtheria		D	D	D	D			D		d	d	d				d
Tetanus		TT	TT	TT	TT			TT		TT	TT	TT				TT
Pertussis		acP	acP	acP	acP			acP		acP	acp	acp				acp
Polio		IPV	IPV	IPV	IPV			IPV		IPV		IPV				IPV
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib	Hib	Hib	Hib			Hib		Hib
Hepatitis B		HepB	HepB	HepB	HepB			HepB		HepB
Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV	PCV	PCV			PCV			Pnc							PPSV23
Meningococcus						MenC				MenC
Measles					MEAS			MEAS		MEAS						MEAS
Mumps					MUMPS			MUMPS		MUMPS
Rubella					RUMBE			RUMBE		RUMBE
Varicella					VAR			VAR		VAR
Human papillomavirus												HPV		HPV
Influenza																		TIV
Tick-borne Encephalitis						TBE

Hong Kong

See main article: Immunisation Programme in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.

India

In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP).^[19] The latest schedule was the one given in 2016.^[20]

Infection!valign=bottom rowspan=2

Birth	Months										Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	1.5	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2.5	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	3.5	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	9	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	9-12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	15	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	16-18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4–6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	10–12
style=text-align:left	Tuberculosis	BCG
style=text-align:left	Polio	OPV				OPV	OPV							OPV
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B
style=text-align:left	Rotavirus
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria		DTwP												Tdap
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus
style=text-align:left	Polio
style=text-align:left	Measles
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
style=text-align:left	Typhoid							TCV					TCV
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis A
style=text-align:left	Varicella
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus														HPV (girls)

Italy

Infection! rowspan="2" valign="bottom" scope="col"

Birth	Months					Years
3	5–6	11	13	15	5–6	11–18	65+
Diphtheria		D	D	D			D	d
Tetanus		TT	TT	TT			TT	TT
Pertussis		acP	acP	acP			acP	acp
Polio		IPV	IPV	IPV			IPV
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib	Hib	Hib
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB	HepB
Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV	PCV
Meningococcus					MenC			MenC
Measles					MEAS		MEAS	MEAS
Mumps					MUMPS		MUMPS	MUMPS
Rubella					RUMBE		RUMBE	RUMBE
Varicella								VAR
Human papillomavirus								HPV
Influenza									TIV

Japan

The vaccination schedule in Japan is defined and partially recommended by and its related . By the combined laws, infections are categorized into two groups: Category A is recommended for vaccination to prevent pandemic whereas Category B is only for a personal care purpose.^[21] As of January 2020, fourteen infections are Category A diseases and two are Category B on the legal lists.^{[22] [23]} The Act and the Order were enacted for mandatory vaccination in 1948 with punitive clauses, only the clauses were repealed in 1976 and eventually vaccination has become non-mandatory since 1994.^[24]

Infection! rowspan=2 valign=bottom

Act/ Order (Category)	Birth	Months							Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	3	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	24	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	36	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	60	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	≧5	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	7>	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	7.5 (90 mo)	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	9	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	11	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	13>	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	16	style=min-width:2em; max-width:5em nowrap	60–64 & 65+
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria	Act (A)
style=text-align:left	Tetanus	Act (A)
style=text-align:left	Pertussis	Act (A)
style=text-align:left	Polio	Act (A)
style=text-align:left	Measles	Act (A)					MR (1st)			MR (2nd)
style=text-align:left	Rubella	Act (A)
style=text-align:left	Japanese encephalitis	Act (A)				Japanese encephalitis (1st)								Japanese encephalitis (2nd)
style=text-align:left	Tuberculosis	Act (A)
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae	Act (A)
style=text-align:left rowspan=2	Pneumococcus	Act (A)
Order (B)																	Pneumococcal
style=text-align:left	Human papillomavirus	Act (A)
style=text-align:left	Smallpox	Order (A)	Not specified by the act or the order
style=text-align:left	Varicella	Order (A)
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B	Order (A)
style=text-align:left	Influenza	Order (B)																	Flu

Only in the legal term in Japan, citizens get old one day before their birthdays. If a person was born on January 1, 2020, and Immunization Act specifies vaccine against measles could be received from age 12 months to 24 months, vaccination shall be practiced between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021 (not between January 2021 and January 2022.) Some vaccinations are scheduled in line with the school year system, which starts from April 1 in Japan. As explained, those who born on April 1 and on April 2 get old legally on March 31 and April 1, respectively. Thus, these two people are in different school years and thereby they may take vaccines in different calendar years.

Recipients! rowspan=2 valign=bottom

Birth	Months							Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	3	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	24	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	36	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	60	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	≧5	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	7>	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	7.5 (90 mo)	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	9	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	11	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	12	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	13>	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em	16
Person A	Dec 31, 2019	Feb 29, 2020	Mar 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Dec 30, 2020	Dec 30, 2021	Dec 30, 2022	Dec 30, 2024	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Jun 30, 2027	Dec 30, 2028	Dec 30, 2030	Apr 1, 2031	Dec 29, 2032	Mar 31, 2036
Person B	Jan 1, 2020	Feb 29, 2020	Mar 31, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2024	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Jun 30, 2027	Dec 31, 2028	Dec 31, 2030	Apr 1, 2031	Dec 30, 2032	Mar 31, 2036
Person C	Apr 1, 2020	May 31, 2020	Jun 31, 2020	Sep 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2021	Mar 31, 2022	Mar 31, 2023	Mar 31, 2025	Apr 1, 2025	Mar 31, 2026	Sep 30, 2027	Mar 31, 2029	Mar 31, 2031	Apr 1, 2031	Mar 30, 2033	Mar 31, 2036
Person D	Apr 2, 2020	Jun 1, 2020	Jul 1, 2020	Oct 1, 2020	Apr 1, 2021	Apr 1, 2022	Apr 1, 2023	Apr 1, 2025	Apr 1, 2026	Mar 31, 2027	Oct 1, 2027	Apr 1, 2029	Apr 1, 2031	Apr 1, 2032	Mar 31, 2033	Mar 31, 2037

New Zealand

Infection! rowspan="2" valign="bottom" style="width: 4.5em;" scope="col"

Gestation	Weeks	Months				Years
6	3	5	12	15	4	11–12	45	65+
Rotavirus		RV	RV
Diphtheria	Tdap	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib	DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib			DTaP-IPV	Tdap	Tdap	Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenzae						Hib
Pneumococcus		PCV10		PCV10	PCV10
Measles					MMR	MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella						VV		VV
Human papillomavirus								HPV9
Herpes Zoster										HZ
Influenza	IIV									IIV (yearly)

HistoryMajor additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:^[25]

1958: First Schedule: DTwP and DT

1961: Polio (OPV) added

1971: Measles, rubella and tetanus toxoid added

1979: Rubella changed to girls only

1988: HepB added

1990: MMR replaced measles and rubella

1994: HIB added; Td replaced tetanus toxoid

1996: DT dropped

1997: Influenza added

2000: DTaP replaced DTwP

2002: IPV replaced OPV

2006: MeNZB and Tdap added

2008: MeNZB dropped, PCV7 added, HPV4 added for females only

2011: PCV10 replaced PCV7

2014: RV5 added, PCV13 replaced PCV10

2017: HPV9 replaced HPV4 and extended to males, RV1 replaced RV5, PCV10 replaced PCV13, VV added.

2018: HZ added.

2020: Td dropped.

Nigeria

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Infection!valign=bottom rowspan=2

Birth	Months						Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	3	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	6	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	9	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	18	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	5
style=text-align:left	Tuberculosis	BCG
style=text-align:left	Leprosy
style=text-align:left	Hepatitis B	HepB	5V		5V	5V
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae
style=text-align:left	Polio	OPV	OPV	OPV	OPV			OPV	OPV
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV	PCV		PCV
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus							MCV	MCV
style=text-align:left	Yellow fever						YF

Spain

Infection! rowspan="2" style="width: 4.5em;" valign="bottom" scope="col"

Birth	Months					Years
2	4	6	12	18	3–4	6	12	14	65+
Diphtheria		D	D	D		D		d		d	d
Tetanus		TT	TT	TT		TT		TT		TT	TT
Pertussis		acP	acP	acP		acP		acp
Polio		IPV	IPV	IPV		IPV
Haemophilus influenzae		Hib	Hib	Hib		Hib
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB
Pneumococcus		PCV	PCV		PCV						PPSV23
Meningococcus		MenC			MenC				MenC
Measles					MEAS		MEAS
Mumps					MUMPS		MUMPS
Rubella					RUMBE		RUMBE
Varicella									VAR
Human papillomavirus									HPV
Influenza											TIV

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule is recommended by the Department of Health and National Health Service, and uses combination immunisations where available.

Infection!colspan=4

Months	Years
style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	2	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	3	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12	2–10	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	3–4	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	12–13	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	13–15	style=min-width:2em; max-width:6em nowrap	16–18
style=text-align:left	Diphtheria								Td
style=text-align:left	Tetanus
style=text-align:left	Pertussis
style=text-align:left	Polio	IPV					IPV		IPV
style=text-align:left	Haemophilus influenzae	HIB			HIB
style=text-align:left	Meningococcus	MenB		MenB	MenB/C
style=text-align:left	Rotavirus	RV
style=text-align:left	Pneumococcus		PCV		PCV
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB	HepB
Measles				MMR
style=text-align:left	Mumps
style=text-align:left	Rubella
Influenza					LAIV
HPV							HPVx2

Non-routine vaccinations

Some children may receive vaccines in addition to those listed in the table:

• BCG vaccine is given at birth to "children born in areas of the country where there are high numbers of TB cases" and "children whose parents or grandparents were born in a country with many cases of TB."
• Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth to "babies born to mothers who have hepatitis B".
• The injected flu vaccine is offered annually to "children 6 months to 17 years old with long-term health conditions".

Adult vaccinations

The five scheduled childhood tetanus vaccinations are thought to generally confer lifelong immunity; thus, no routine booster doses are given in adulthood. Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years.^[26] Pneumococcus vaccinations (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/PPV) are recommended for those over 65 and for people without a functional spleen (asplenia), either because the spleen has been removed or does not work properly.^[27] Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals, pregnant women, and poultry workers.^[28] The shingles vaccine is recommended for those over 70. Additionally, pregnant women are advised to have the pertussis vaccine.^[29]

United States

The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines.^[30]

Infection! rowspan="2" valign="bottom" scope="col"

Birth	Months									Years
1	2	4	6	9	12	15	18	19–23	2–3	4–6	7–10	11–12	13–15	16	17–18	19–26	27–49	50–64	65+
Hepatitis B	HepB	HepB		HepB	HepB					HepB								HepB x2–3
Rotavirus			RV	RV	RV
Diphtheria			DTaP	DTaP	DTaP	DTaP		DTaP		DTaP		DTaP	Tdap	Tdap	Tdap			Td or Tdap (every 10 years)
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae			Hib	Hib	Hib	Hib	Hib		Hib				Hib					Hibx1–3
Polio			IPV	IPV	IPV					IPV		IPV	IPV
Pneumococcus			PCV13	PCV13	PCV13	PCV13	PCV13		PCV13				PCV13					PCV13			PCV13§
											PPSV23							PPSV23 x1–2			PPSV23
Influenza					IIV (yearly)						IIV or LAIV (yearly)
Measles					MMR		MMR		MMR			MMR	MMR					MMRx1–2
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella							VAR		VAR			VAR	VAR					VAR x1–2		VAR 2x
Hepatitis A					HepA		HepA x2				HepA							HepA x2–3
Meningococcus			MenACWY											MenACWY	MenACWY	MenACWY	MenACWY	MenACWY x1–2
														MenB x2–3
																	MenB§
Human papillomavirus													HPV	HPV x2–3	HPV			HPV	HPV§
Herpes Zoster																				RZV or ZVL

During pregnancy

The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vaccination is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.^{[31] [32] [33] [34]}

History

In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age. Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of age, U.S. children receive as many as 24 vaccine injections, and might receive up to five shots during one visit to the doctor. The use of combination vaccine products means that,, the United Kingdom's immunization program consists of nine injections by the age of two, rather than 22 if vaccination for each disease was given as a separate injection.^[35]

See also

• Vaccination policy
• Influenza vaccine
• H5N1 clinical trials
• 2009 flu pandemic vaccine
• COVID-19 vaccine

External links

• International
  • Web site: Reported immunization schedule by regions/countries/antigens . https://web.archive.org/web/20030802210421/http://www.who.int/vaccines/GlobalSummary/Immunization/ScheduleSelect.cfm . dead . August 2, 2003 . . . CFM . 2010-05-07.
  • UN World Health Organization: Web site: Immunization schedules by antigens . apps.who.int.
• Europe
  • Vaccine schedules in all countries of the European Union, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • United Kingdom
    • Web site: The UK immunisation schedule . UK National Health Service . . 2006-11-03.
• USA
  • Web site: CDC National Immunization Program . National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases . National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases . . 2008-06-14.
  • CDC 2013 Recommended Immunizations for Children from Birth Through 6 Years Old

Notes and References

1. Web site: What Is a Vaccine. NIAID. 2010-05-04.
2. Web site: Tetanus: Prevention. 2006-09-21. Mayo Clinic. 2008-07-17.
3. Web site: History of Vaccine Schedule | The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. 2010-05-04.
4. Update on Yellow Fever in the Americas, http://www.paho.org/english/SHA/be_v21n2-yellowfever.htm, the Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 2, June 2000, Pan American Health Organization, accessed July 18, 2007
5. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563864_eng.pdf State of the World's Vaccines and Immunizations (pdf)
6. Web site: WHO Vaccine Preventable Diseases Monitoring System. https://web.archive.org/web/20050707020426/http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/en/. dead. July 7, 2005. 22 December 2006. World Health Organization. 2007-01-02.
7. Web site: Immunization schedules by antigens . apps.who.int.
8. Web site: Immunization schedules by diseases. apps.who.int. 2019-11-27.
9. Web site: Vaccines: VPD-VAC/List of VPDs. 2010-06-08.
10. Web site: Vaccine Scheduler ECDC. vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu. 2019-10-08.
11. Web site: Schedule of Hong Kong Childhood Immunisation Programme . 2020-12-12 . Family Health Service, Department of Health, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
12. Web site: Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelanggaraan Imunisasi . . 6 February 2017 . Kemenkes. id . 4 December 2019.
13. Web site: Immunise – About the Program . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150504202400/http://immunise.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/about-the-program . 2015-05-04 . 2010-05-05.
14. Web site: Nationales Impfgremium . de . 1 August 2021 . .
15. News: Impfung: Kinder ab 14 können selbst entscheiden . de . 1 June 2021 . Vaccination: Children can decide for themselves at 14 . . 1 August 2021 .
16. Web site: Pneumokokkikonjugaattirokote eli PCV-rokote – Rokottaminen – THL. Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. fi-FI. 2019-11-14.
17. Web site: THL – HPV, or human papillomavirus vaccine. thl.fi. 2021-12-03.
18. Web site: Vaccinating boys against HPV (human papillomavirus) has started - Press release - THL . Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland . 3 December 2021 . en.
19. Vashishtha . Vipin M. . Choudhury . Panna . Kalra . Ajay . Bose . Anuradha . Thacker . Naveen . Yewale . Vijay N. . Bansal . C. P. . Mehta . Pravin J. . Indian Academy of Pediatrics . October 2014 . Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) recommended immunization schedule for children aged 0 through 18 years – India, 2014 and updates on immunization . Indian Pediatrics . 51 . 10 . 785–800 . 10.1007/s13312-014-0504-y . 0974-7559 . 25362009. 40329033 . free .
20. Web site: Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) . www.iapindia.org . en-US . 2017-07-21.
21. Web site: 予防接種とは？ . What is vaccination? . 公益社団法人東京医師会 (Tokyo Medical Association, a public interest incorporated association) . 2020-02-10 . ja.
22. Web site: 予防接種法 (法令番号：昭和二十三年法律第六十八号); Immunization Act (Law number: Act No. 68 of 1948) . . Japanese Law Translation (日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム) . 2016-11-07 . 2020-02-24 . The translated law from Japanese to English is the latest version as of February 2020, followed by 平成二十五年法律第百三号 改正 (Amendment of Act No. 103 of 2013). .
23. Web site: 予防接種法施行令（昭和二十三年政令第百九十七号）第1条: 政令で定めるＡ類疾病、第1条の2: 政令で定めるＢ類疾病、第1条の3: 市町村長が予防接種を行う疾病及びその対象者 . Immunization Act Implementation Order (Law number: Order No. 197 of 1948) Article 1: Category A diseases under the Order; Article 1-2: Category B diseases under the Order; Article 1-3: vaccine recipients and vaccination schedule under city mayors' initiatives . 2018-03-30 . e-Gov Law Database . 2020-02-24 . . 平成三十年政令第百六号改正、2018年4月1日施行分 (version information: Amendment of Order No. 106 of 2018) . ja.
24. 日本のワクチン政策の変遷 . History of vaccination policy in Japan . The Value of VACCINE . 改訂版 (revised version) . Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) . 14–19 . 2014 . ja.
25. Web site: Appendix 1: The history of immunisation in New Zealand. 2021-03-18. Ministry of Health NZ. en.
26. Web site: Immunisation – FAQs – Will I need more boosters in the future? . 2010-05-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100114001648/http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk/Vaccines/Td_IPV/FAQs/Will_I_need_more_boosters_in_the_future . January 14, 2010 .
27. Web site: Immunisation – FAQs – How often will I need this vaccine? . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081112214042/http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk/Vaccines/Pneumococcal/FAQs/How_often_will_I_need_this_vaccine . 2008-11-12 . 2010-05-05.
28. Web site: Immunisation – Having the vaccination – Who is the vaccine for? . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090218232406/http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk/Vaccines/Flu/Having_the_vaccination . February 18, 2009 . 2010-05-05.
29. Web site: 2020-12-03. Whooping cough vaccination in pregnancy. 2020-12-19. nhs.uk. en.
30. Web site: Vaccine Information Statements: Instructions . 2010-05-05.
31. Web site: Pregnancy and Vaccination Vaccines for Pregnant Women CDC . 2017-07-20 . www.cdc.gov . en-us . 2018-02-28.
32. News: Get the Whooping Cough Vaccine While You Are Pregnant . 2017-07-24 . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2018-02-28 . en-us.
33. Web site: Update on Immunization and Pregnancy Tetanus Diphtheria and Pertussis Vaccination – ACOG . www.acog.org . 2018-02-28.
34. Web site: Immunization in Pregnancy and Postpartum. May 2014.
35. Web site: Immunisation schedule . National Health Service. 2013-03-22.

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