Acral fibrokeratoma explained

Synonyms:Acquired digital fibrokeratoma

Acral fibrokeratoma, also known as an acquired digital fibrokeratoma, and acquired periungual fibrokeratoma[1] is a skin lesion characterized by a pinkish, hyperkeratotic, hornlike projection occurring on a finger, toe, or palm.[2] [3]

Signs and symptoms

Acral fibrokeratoma typically manifest as a non-symptomatic protuberance that does not go away on its own.[4] In a clinical setting, it manifests as a single, well-defined, skin-colored papule with a distinctive hyperkeratotic collarette at the base.[5] Though it can also be found in other places like the lower lip, nose, elbow, pre-patellar region, and periungual tissue, it mostly affects the fingers and toes.[6] Usually, the lesion is smaller than 1 cm, however reports of acral fibrokeratomas larger than 1 cm, known as giant acral fibrokeratomas, have been made.[7] [8]

Causes

Although the exact cause of acral fibrokeratoma is unknown, prolonged irritation or trauma, particularly in the acral regions, have been suggested as potential contributing factors.[9] In particular, it is thought that acral fibrokeratoma is exacerbated by recurrent trauma to the same location. This explains why the more frequently damaged areas are the acral regions, which are prone to severe trauma daily.[10]

Diagnosis

The histopathologic examination of acral fibrokeratoma usually shows hyperkeratosis and uneven acanthosis in the epidermis; dense, interwoven collagen bundles with dilated capillaries primarily oriented along the lesion's long axis comprise the lesion's core.[11]

Treatment

There are reports of several treatment options for acral fibrokeratoma, including curettage, cauterization, shave excision, and cryotherapy. Nonetheless, surgical excision is regarded as the principal and most successful form of treatment.[12]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. .
  2. James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .
  3. Book: Rapini, Ronald P. . Bolognia, Jean L. . Jorizzo, Joseph L. . Dermatology: 2-Volume Set . Mosby . St. Louis . 2007 . 978-1-4160-2999-1 .
  4. Choi . Joon Hee . Jung . So Young . Chun . Ji Sung . Seo . Jong Keun . Lee . Deborah . Hwang . Seon Wook . Sung . Ho Suck . Giant Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma Occurring on the Left Great Toe . Annals of Dermatology . Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology . 23 . 1 . 2011 . 64–66 . 1013-9087 . 10.5021/ad.2011.23.1.64 . 21738365 . 3120001 .
  5. Lencastre . André . Richert . Bertrand . Flat-Pan Nail-Wide Acquired Epiungual Fibrokeratoma: Report of 4 Cases . Skin Appendage Disorders . S. Karger AG . 5 . 2 . 2018-08-29 . 2296-9195 . 10.1159/000491582 . 111–113. 30815446 . 6388563 .
  6. Kint . André . Baran . Robert . Keyser . Hélène De . Acquired (digital) fibrokeratoma . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology . Elsevier BV . 12 . 5 . 1985 . 0190-9622 . 10.1016/s0190-9622(85)70101-6 . 816–821. 4008685 .
  7. Freitas . Paula Martins de . Xavier . Marcus Henrique de SB . Pereira . Gabriela Blatt . Rochael . Mayra C . Cortes . José Luiz de Oliveira . Quevedo . Luis Peres . Jr . Adolpho A Araripe . Acquired fibrokeratoma presenting as a giant pedunculated lesion on the heel . Dermatology Online Journal . 14 . 12 . 2008-12-01 . 1087-2108 . 10.5070/D31TB5C7GQ . 19265623 .
  8. Ali . Mohammed . Mbah . C.A. . Alwadiya . Ahmed . Nur . Mutaz Mohammed . Sunderamoorthy . D. . Giant fibrokeratoma, a rare soft tissue tumor presenting like an accessory digit, a case report and review of literature . International Journal of Surgery Case Reports . Elsevier BV . 10 . 2015 . 2210-2612 . 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.041 . 187–190. 25863992 . 4430176 .
  9. Altman . D A . Griner . J M . Faria . D T . Acquired digital fibrokeratoma . Cutis . August 1994 . 54 . 2 . 93–94 . 7956341.
  10. Shih . Shawn . Khachemoune . Amor . Acquired digital fibrokeratoma: review of its clinical and dermoscopic features and differential diagnosis . International Journal of Dermatology . Wiley . 58 . 2 . 2018-05-19 . 0011-9059 . 10.1111/ijd.14046 . 151–158. 29777543 . 21743310 .
  11. Garg . Shimona . Sandhu . Jasleen . Kaur . Amrit . Punia . Raj Pal Singh . Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma . The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology . 2019 . Matrix Medical Communications . 12 . 5 . 17–18 . 31320972 . 6561713 .
  12. Web site: Tabka . Mariem . Litaiem . Noureddine . Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma . StatPearls Publishing . 2023-08-17 . 31424730 . 2024-03-06.

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