| Zorya Shapiro | |
| Birth Date: | 7 December 1914 |
| Death Place: | River Forest, Illinois |
| Citizenship: | Soviet |
| Fields: | representation theory |
| Alma Mater: | MSU Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics |
| Thesis1 Url: | and |
| Thesis2 Url: | )--> |
| Thesis Year: | 1938 |
| Known For: | Shapiro-Lopatinski condition in elliptic boundary value problems |
| Spouse: | Israel Gelfand |
| Partners: | )--> |
Zorya Yakovlevna Shapiro (Russian: Зоря Яковлевна Шапиро; 7 December 1914 – 4 July 2013) was a Soviet mathematician, educator and translator. She is known for her contributions to representation theory and functional analysis in her collaboration with Israel Gelfand, and the Shapiro-Lobatinski condition in elliptical boundary value problems.
Zorya Shapiro attended the Moscow State University Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics from where she received her undergraduate and doctoral degrees by 1938.[1] She was active in the military department of the university, especially in aviation, learning to fly and land aeroplanes.[2]
She started her teaching career at the Faculty, shortly after Zoya Kishkina (1917–1989) and Natalya Eisenstadt (1912–1985), and very quickly became recognized for her courses in analysis.[1]
Shapiro married Israel Gelfand in 1942. They had 3 sons, one of whom died in childhood.[3] Shapiro and Gelfand later divorced.[4]
In the 1980s, Shapiro lived in the same house as Akiva Yaglom.[5] In 1991 Shapiro moved to River Forest, Illinois to live with her younger son. She died there on 4 July 2013.
Shapiro published several works on representation theory. A contribution (with Gelfand) in integral geometry was to find inversion formulae for the reconstruction of the value of a function on a manifold in terms of integrals over a family of submanifolds, a result with applicability in non-linear differential equations, tomography, multi-dimensional complex analysis and other domains.[6] Another work was on the representations of rotation groups of 3-dimensional spaces.[7]
Shapiro is best known for her elucidation of the conditions for well-defined solutions to the elliptical boundary value problem on Sobolev spaces.[8]
. Дифференциальное и интегральное исчисления на комплексном аналитическом многообразии. Jean Leray. Jean Leray. Moscow. Foreign Literature. 1961.
. Collection of Mathematical Problems. Нерешённые математические задачи. Stanislaw Ulam. Stanislaw Ulam. Moscow. Nauka. 1964.