Zoanthus sansibaricus explained

Zoanthus sansibaricus is a species of zoanthid generally found in the Indo-pacific but also off the western coast of South America.^[1] The range of habitation has been noted in intertidal zones along with areas below 7 m, but shows phenotypical and morphological differences based on depth and shading.^{[2] [3]} Shaded individuals contain larger polyps compared to unshaded. It can be divided into three reproductive categories, male, female and asexual.^[4] Spawning has been observed within the middle of July, using lunar phases as an indicator. Various subclades are theorized to appear based on the time of year.^[5]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Zoanthus sansibaricus, violet zoanthid. www.sealifebase.ca. 2019-09-26.
2. Kamezaki. Minaho. Higa. Marie. Hirose. Mamiko. Suda. Shoichiro. Reimer. James Davis. 2013-03-01. Different zooxanthellae types in populations of the zoanthid Zoanthus sansibaricus along depth gradients in Okinawa, Japan. Marine Biodiversity. en. 43. 1. 61–70. 10.1007/s12526-012-0119-2. 1867-1624.
3. Ong. Chin Wei. Reimer. James D.. Todd. Peter A.. 2013-05-01. Morphologically plastic responses to shading in the zoanthids Zoanthus sansibaricus and Palythoa tuberculosa. Marine Biology. en. 160. 5. 1053–1064. 10.1007/s00227-012-2158-4. 1432-1793.
4. Ono. Shusuke. Reimer. James Davis. Tsukahara. Junzo. February 2002. Reproduction of Zoanthus sansibaricus in the Infra-Littoral Zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Zoological Science. 22. 2. 247–255. 10.2108/zsj.22.247. 0289-0003.
5. Reimer. James D.. Ono. Shusuke. Tsukahara. Junzo. Takishita. Kiyotaka. Maruyama. Tadashi. 2007. Non-seasonal clade-specificity and subclade microvariation in symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) in Zoanthus sansibaricus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) at Kagoshima Bay, Japan. Phycological Research. en. 55. 1. 58–65. 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2006.00446.x. 1440-1835.