| Native Name: | 梁 |
| Conventional Long Name: | Liang |
| Common Name: | Later Liang |
| Era: | Five Dynasties |
| Status: | Empire |
| Government Type: | Monarchy |
| Year Start: | 907 |
| Year End: | 923 |
| Event Start: | Established |
| Date Start: | 1 June |
| Event End: | Surrender of Kaifeng |
| Date End: | 19 November |
| P1: | Tang dynasty |
| S1: | Later Tang |
| S2: | Yan (Five Dynasties period)Jie Yan |
| S3: | Zhao (Five Dynasties period)Zhao |
| Capital: | Luoyang (907–913) Kaifeng (913–923) |
| Common Languages: | Middle Chinese |
| Leader1: | Emperor Taizu |
| Leader2: | Zhu Yougui |
| Leader3: | Emperor Modi |
| Year Leader1: | 907–912 |
| Year Leader2: | 912–913 |
| Year Leader3: | 913–923 |
| Title Leader: | Emperor |
| Today: | China |
Liang, known in historiography as the Later Liang (1 June 907 – 19 November 923) or the Zhu Liang, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was founded by Zhu Wen (Emperor Taizu), after he forced the last emperor of the Tang dynasty to abdicate in his favour (and then murdered him). The Later Liang would last until 923 when it was destroyed by the Later Tang dynasty.
Zhu Wen initially allied himself as Huang Chao's lieutenant. However, he took Huang's best troops and established his own power base as a warlord in Kaifeng. By 904, he had exerted control over both of the twin Tang dynasty capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. Tang emperor Zhaozong was ordered murdered by Zhu in 904 and the last Tang emperor, Ai Di (Emperor Ai of Tang), was deposed three years later. Emperor Ai of Tang was murdered in 908, also ordered by Zhu.
Meanwhile, Zhu Wen declared himself emperor of the new Later Liang in Kaifeng in 907. The name Liang refers to the Henan region in which the heart of the regime rested.
The Later Liang controlled most of northern China, though much of Shaanxi (controlled by the Qi) as well as Hebei (controlled by the Yan state) and Shanxi (controlled by Shatuo Turks state Jin) remained largely outside Later Liang control.
The Later Liang maintained a tense relationship with the Shatuo Turks, due to the rivalry between Zhu Quanzong and Li Keyong, a relationship that began back in the time of the Tang dynasty. After Li Keyong's death, his son, Li Cunxu, continued to expand his State of Jin. Li was able to destroy the Later Liang in 923 and found Later Tang.
Generally through Chinese history, it was historians of later kingdoms whose histories bestowed the Mandate of Heaven posthumously on preceding dynasties. This was typically done for the purpose of strengthening the present rulers' ties to the Mandate themselves. Song dynasty historian Xue Juzheng did exactly this in his work History of the Five Dynasties.
Several justifications were given for this, and successive Five Dynasties regimes, to be conferred the Mandate of Heaven. Among these was that these dynasties all controlled most of the traditional Chinese heartland. However, the Later Liang was an embarrassment in the brutality it employed, causing many to want to deny it this status, but doing so would break the chain through the other Five Dynasties, and thus to the Song dynasty, which itself was the successor to the last of the Five Dynasties.
| Temple names | Posthumous names | Chinese naming conventions | Durations of reigns | Era names and their according durations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taìzǔ (太祖) | Too Tedious;thus unused when referring to this sovereign | Family name and given name | 907–912 | Kaīpíng (開平) 907–911 Qiánhuà (乾化) 911–912 | ||
| Did not exist | none | Family name and given name | 912–913 | Qiánhuà (乾化) 912–913 Fènglì (鳳曆) 913 | ||
| Did not exist | Mò (末) | Family name and given name | 913–923 | Qiánhuà (乾化) 913–915 Zhēnmíng (貞明) 915–921 Lóngdé (龍德) 921–923 |