Zhangzhou should not be confused with Zhengzhou.
| Zhangzhou | |
| Other Name: | Changchew |
| Native Name: | 漳州市 |
| Native Name Lang: | zh |
| Settlement Type: | Prefecture-level city |
| Image Map1: | Locator map Zhangzhou in Fujian.svg |
| Pushpin Map: | China |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in China |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Fujian |
| Seat Type: | Municipal seat |
| Seat: | Xiangcheng District |
| Area Total Km2: | 12,882.27 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 2590.23 |
| Area Metro Km2: | 4,290.84 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 census |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 5,054,328 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Metro: | 7,284,148 |
| Population Density Metro Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 939,943 |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP[2] |
| Demographics2 Info1: | CN¥ 454.6 billion US$ 65.9 billion |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics2 Info2: | CN¥ 89,834 US$ 14,107 |
| Timezone: | CST |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Zhangzhou municipal government |
| Coordinates: | 24.513°N 117.647°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 363000 |
| Area Code: | 596 |
| Iso Code: | CN-FJ-06 |
| Blank4 Name Sec1: | License Plate |
| Blank4 Info Sec1: | Chinese: 闽E |
| Blank5 Name Sec1: | Local dialect |
| Blank5 Info Sec1: | Min Nan |
| Blank Name Sec2: | City trees |
| Blank Info Sec2: | Cinnamomum camphora |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | City flowers |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | Narcissus tazetta |
| Pic: | Zhangzhou name.png |
| Piccap: | "Zhangzhou" in regular Chinese characters |
| Picupright: | 0.5 |
| Gr: | Jangjou |
| Bpmf: | ㄓㄤ ㄓㄡ |
| Psp: | Changchow |
| P: | Zhāngzhōu |
| Poj: | Chiang-chiu |
| W: | Chang¹-chou¹ |
| Showflag: | ppoj |
| Order: | st |
Zhangzhou is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, China. The prefecture around the city proper comprises the southeast corner of the province, facing the Taiwan Strait and (with Quanzhou) surrounding the prefecture of Xiamen.
Zhangzhou is the atonal pinyin romanization of the city's Chinese name Chinese: {{linktext|漳州, using its pronunciation in Standard Mandarin.[3] The name derives from the city's former status as the seat of the imperial Chinese Zhang Prefecture. The same name was romanized as Changchow on the Chinese Postal Map and in Wade-Giles. Other romanizations include Chang-chow.[4]
It also appears as Chang-chu,[5] Changchew, Chiang-chew, Chiang-Chew, Chiang Chew, Chiochiu,[6] Chanchiu, Changchiu from the city's local Zhangzhou dialect pronunciation of Hokkien .[7] This name appeared in Spanish and Portuguese Jesuit sources as Portuguese: Chincheo as well from the Quanzhou dialect pronunciation of Hokkien, which was anglicized as Chinchew. By the 19th century, however, Chinchew as a name had migrated and was used to refer to Quanzhou, a separate port about 65miles east-northeast of central Zhangzhou.[8]
Zhangzhou proper lies on the banks of the Jiulong River in southern Fujian about from central Xiamen,[4] whose urban core has grown to form a single urbanized area with it. The prefecture of Zhangzhou comprises the southeastern corner of the province, surrounding Xiamen. The prefecture of Quanzhou lies to its northeast, Longyan to its northwest, and Shantou in Guangdong to its southwest.
Zhangzhou has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with mild to warm winters and long, very hot and humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 13.2°C in January to 28.8°C in July, and the annual mean is 21.3°C. The frost-free period lasts 330 days.
According to Odoric of Pordenone, Zhangzhou was a prosperous city twice the size of Bologna.[9]
During the early Qing, Zhangzhou was the primary Fujianese port trading with Portuguese Macao and Spanish Manila. For a time, the Portuguese maintained a factory in the city.[8]
During the late Qing, Zhangzhou remained a center of silk, brick, and sugar production with about a million people and extensive internal and maritime trade. Its city wall had a circumference of about 4.5miles but included a good deal of open ground and farmland. Its streets were paved with granite but badly maintained. The 800feet bridge across the Jiulong River consisted of wooden planks laid between 25 piles of stones at roughly equal intervals.[4] The port of Xiamen in an island at the mouth of the Jiulong principally functioned as a trading center for the produce and wares of Zhangzhou and its hinterland;[5] both suffered economically when Indian tea plantations cratered demand for Fujianese tea in the late 19th century.[10]
From 1918 to 1920, Chen Jiongming established the anarchist Constitution Protection Region of Southern Fujian with Zhangzhou as its capital.[11]
The old city of Zhangzhou (now Xiangcheng District) was occupied in April and May 1932 by a column of Communist guerrillas under Mao Zedong. Due to the presence of Western gunboats in Xiamen Bay, arms shipments from the Soviet Union were unable to get up the Jiulong River to Mao's forces and the main Communist bases. Discovering this, Mao retreated from the city, according to some accounts with a substantial amount of loot taken from its residents.[12]
Zhangzhou comprises 4 urban districts, and 7 counties.[13]
During the 2020 Chinese census, the entire area of Zhangzhou was home to 5,054,328 inhabitants. Along with the 2,120,178 people of central Xiamen, its urban districts of Xiangcheng, Longwen, Longhai and Changtai, form a single metropolitan area of about 7,284,148 people.
See main article: Zhangzhou dialect. The main language of the Zhangzhou Hokkiens is the local dialect of Min Nan, part of the Southern Min branch of Min Chinese.
Hakka is also spoken in the rural peasant area of Zhangzhou in the west and south.
Babao seal paste was invented by the druggist Wei Changan as a traditional medicine in 1673. It was repurposed for artistic use a few years later and gained imperial favor under the Qianlong Emperor. It remains prized for its bright color and pleasant smell.
A major petrochemical plant, producing paraxylene, owned by Taiwan-based Xianglu Group is located in Zhangzhou's Gulei Peninsula. The plant suffered major fires in 2013 and 2015.[14]
Two passenger stations serve Zhangzhou:
Zhangzhou is twinned with the following regions, cities and towns:[15]
Palembang, South Sumatra (since 2002)[16]
Isahaya, Nagasaki Date, Iburi Subprefecture
Wageningen, Gelderland
Honolulu, Hawaii