Al-Zabadani Explained

Official Name:Al-Zabadani
Native Name:Arabic: الزبداني
Other Name:Az-Zabadani
Settlement Type:City
Pushpin Map:Syria
Pushpin Label Position:right
Pushpin Mapsize:250
Pushpin Relief:1
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Syria
Coordinates:33.725°N 36.0972°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:Governorate
Subdivision Name1:Rif Dimashq
Subdivision Type2:District
Subdivision Name2:al-Zabadani
Subdivision Type3:Subdistrict
Subdivision Name3:al-Zabadani
Parts Type:Occupation
Parts Style:para
Unit Pref:Metric
Elevation M:1100
Population Total:26285
Population As Of:2004 census
Population Density Km2:auto
Area Code:13

Al-Zabadani or Az-Zabadani (Arabic: الزبداني|az-Zabadānī) is a city and popular hill station in southwestern Syria in the Rif Dimashq Governorate, close to the border with Lebanon. It is located in the center of a green valley surrounded by high mountains at an elevation of around 1,100 m.

It is located to the right of the international road linking Damascus to Beirut, in the middle of the distance between Damascus and Baalbek, in a mountain valley in the Syrian mountain range, where it rises between 1,150 and 1,250 meters above sea level. Zabadani is located in the semi-arid to semi-humid region, with an average rainfall of 500 mm per year. It is bordered by two mountain ranges, Mount Senir to the west and Jabal Al Shaqif to the east, and in the middle of it is a green carpet that forms the Zabadani Plain.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in the 2004 census Al-Zabadani had a population of 26,285.[1]

Etymology

Zabadani's name likely derives Aramaic[2]

Overview

Compared to Damascus, the weather in Al-Zabadani tends to be milder in summer, about 5–8 degrees lower, but from December to the end of February it is colder with a lot of snow, and the temperature drops to −10 degrees.

The mild summer weather, along with scenic views, led the French colonial rulers to develop the city as a traditional summer resort and hill station, and has made the town a popular resort, both for tourists and for visitors from Syrian cities on the plains, especially nearby Damascus, and for tens of thousands of visitors from the Arabian peninsula. A more elevated region than Al-Zabadani is its neighbour Bloudan, also a resort for thousands of tourists. Bloudan is about 1,500 metres above sea level.

Al-Zabadani is predominantly Sunni, with a substantial Christian population, who have their own church and monastery. Before the Syrian Civil War, Al-Zabadani was rapidly growing and was well connected to Damascus. The War led to substantial destruction and damage of infrastructure and property, with rebuilding in progress.

Climate

Al-Zabadani has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). In winter there is more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Al-Zabadani is 14.1°C. About 510mm of precipitation falls annually.

History

In 1838, the population was noted as being Muslim and Greek Orthodox.[3]

In 1909, J. E. Hanauer mentioned being informed about a large stone revered by Muslim peasants at Neby 'Abdan, a holy site near Zabadani.[4]

Syrian Civil War

See main article: Battle of Zabadani (2012), Battle of Zabadani (2015) and Syrian Civil War.

Al-Zabadani is vitally important to the Syrian government being located along the Lebanon border. It is also strategically important to Iran because, since at least as late as June 2011, it served as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps's logistical hub for supplying Hezbollah.

On 18 January 2012, Zabadani became the first city to fall to the Free Syrian Army (FSA), following a bloody battle that lasted 11 days.[5] The Syrian Army regained control of the city by 11 February.

By late July 2012, Zabadani had become a base of operations for Hezbollah and the Iranian Guards.[6] In August, local fighters retook 70% of Zabadani with only a few isolated army checkpoints remaining.[7] On 28 February 2014, a truce was reached between government and the rebels.[8] Later it was reported that the truce broke down and that rebels attacked government checkpoints, with the government besieging and shelling the town.[9] On 26 April 2014, the rebels surrendered after intense fighting with government troops, losing their last stronghold along Lebanon's border,[10] only to regain control of the city months later. Following an extended siege by the Syrian Army and Hezbollah, a U.N.-brokered agreement was finally signed in September 2015, under which the city was successively evacuated by the rebels and control ceded back to the Syrian government on 19 April 2017.[11]

City twinning

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB03-26-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004
  2. Web site: تاجيبيديا - الموسوعة الإلكترونية العربية | الزبداني.
  3. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 146
  4. Hanauer . J. E. . 1909 . Notes from Damascus and the Anti-Libanus . Palestine Exploration Quarterly . en . 41 . 2 . 133-134 . 10.1179/peq.1909.41.2.119 . 0031-0328.
  5. News: In Syrian city, a calm that few expect to last . . January 21, 2012 . 2012-01-22 . Kareem . Fahim.
  6. News: Iran's Hizbullah sends more troops to help Assad storm Aleppo, fight Sunnis. 29 July 2012 . World Tribune. 27 November 2012. Nicosia.
  7. Web site: On the ground in Zabadani, a Syrian town in revolt . The Nation . 2012-08-13 . 2013-08-29.
  8. Web site: هدوء حذر تشهده الزبداني وأنباء عن هدنة بين الحر وقوات النظام . Cautious calm witnessed in Zabadani and news of a truce between the Free Syrian Army and the government forces.
  9. News: Town by town, Assad regime retakes southwestern Syria . Nicholas. Blanford. Yahoo!. The Christian Science Monitor. 8 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140409035706/http://news.yahoo.com/town-town-assad-regime-retakes-southwestern-syria-162635951.html . 9 April 2014.
  10. Web site: Syria rebels surrender in border town . Al Jazeera . 25 October 2014.
  11. Web site: Zabadani: The Last Rebels Leave. Euronews. 19 April 2017.
  12. Web site: اتفاق توءمة بين مدينة نوين كيرشين الألمانية والزبداني Twinning agreement between the city of Nguyen Kirchen German and Zabadani. The New Alphabet/SANA. 2009-11-30. 2012-03-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20120307125242/http://translate.google.ca/translate?hl=en&sl=ar&tl=en&u=http:%2F%2Fwww.thenewalphabet.com%2Fdetails757.html. dead.