Yuri Nikolaevich Sakharov (Ю́рій Микола́йович Са́харов; 18 September 1922 – 26 September 1981) was a Ukrainian Chess Master (1958), International Correspondence Chess Master (1971), and Merited Coach of the Ukrainian SSR (1963).[1] [2]
Yuri Sakharov was born on 18 September 1922 in Vlasovka of Shakhty district (rayon), Rostov region (oblast). His father was an official in the Donbas mining industry.[3] In 1938 during the Great Purge he was arrested and executed. Yuri Sakharov became a "son of an enemy of the people." After the German invasion of the USSR during World War II Sakharov twice was mobilized for engineering work (digging trenches), but both times, under the pressure of the advance of the Nazi troops during the disorderly retreat of the Red Army, the civilian mobilized were left to their own devices, and Sakharov twice returned home to Stalino. After the second return, it turned out that the Soviet troops and the military registration and enlistment office had already left the city, and the Germans had not yet arrived. At the first months of German occupation Sakharov with their mother lived in Stalino. They were forced to gradually sell off their belongings for food. For a short time, Sakharov worked as a secretary at a school whose director was his chess teacher Apollinariy Gaevsky. In April 1942, when the financial situation became completely desperate, Sakharov, with one of the echelons, together with other Soviet citizens, went to work in Germany, where he was assigned to the Anna-3 mine near the city of Alsdorf. When his knowledge of German was discovered, Sakharov, in addition to his main job, was appointed translator for the camp commandant. Subsequently, this fact, along with going to work in Germany, served as a reason for accusing him of treason.
At the end of August 1944, as the front line approached, the Anna-3 mine camp was evacuated by the Germans, and the camp workers were sent to a new location on foot. But at the first overnight stay, Sakharov escaped (by stealing a bicycle from a policeman) and returned to the Anna-3 mine, where he waited for the arrival of American troops. After some time, the Americans, along with other Soviet citizens, transferred him to a camp in Belgium. Sakharov did not perform military service in the presence of American troops, being involved only in auxiliary (household) work and, accordingly, did not have any military awards. At the beginning of June 1945, Sakharov arrived in the Soviet zone of occupation, from where he returned to his homeland.
Back home in Ukraine, he got a job as an Inspector in Kyiv.
In 1951 he brilliantly won the Semi Final USSR Chess Championship in Lviv[4] and was qualified together with Lev Aronin and Vladimir Simagin who tied up the second and third places to participate in the XIX USSR Chess Championship in Moscow. Also, he fulfilled the norm requirement of Chess Master. But very soon he was arrested by denunciation and his Chess Master He was awarded the title of Chess Master only in 1956. Lev Aronin, Vladimir Simagin, and Salomon Flohr were qualified from Lvov and went to Moscow. All mentions of Sakharov were removed from books and articles being prepared for publication, including a collection of selected games of Ukrainian chess players edited by Isaac Lipnitsky and Boris Ratner (1952).
Contrary to the version that has become widespread in a number of publications, Yuri Nikolaevich was not arrested due to a random denunciation. Documents from his case, stored in the archive of the SSU, indicate that immediately after returning from Germany he was under close surveillance by state security agencies. The first interrogation of a witness available in the mentioned case is dated December 2, 1946. On March 7, 1952, the Military Tribunal of the Kyiv Military District, on charges of treason, sentenced Yuri Sakharov to 25 years in prison, followed by loss of rights and confiscation of property. He served time in one of the Ozerlag camps.
In 1955, Sakharov was denied amnesty. But in 1956 he was released by independent decisions of two authorities. First, on June 25, 1956, the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR ruled on his release with the removal of his criminal record. When this resolution reached the place of detention only in early October, it turned out that Yuri Nikolaevich had already been released (as “unreasonably convicted” with the note “considered not convicted”) by decision of August 10, 1956 of one of the many local commissions for the review of cases repressed, which were created by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 24, 1956.
Sakharov rebuilt his chess career. When he was 46, he became the 17th highest rated player in the world.
He died in 1981 in Bucha, Kyiv Oblast. The circumstances of his death remain unknown.
Sakharov was the champion of Kyiv in 1948 and in 1949, and shared 1-2 place with A. Kofman in 1947 (8.5/13) and with V.Shianovsky in 1961 (8/12).[5]
Sakharov was twice the Ukrainian Champion in 1966 and 1968.[6] He participated in 19 Ukrainian Championships, tying for 4-6th in 1946 (Anatoly Bannik won), tying for 3rd-4th in 1947 (Alexey Sokolsky won), tying for 6-9th in 1949 (Isaac Lipnitsky won),[7] taking 5th in 1951 (Bannik won), taking 2nd, behind Efim Geller, in 1958, tying for 4-5th in 1959 (Geller won),[8] sharing 1st with Leonid Stein but lost to him a match for the title (+1 −3 =2) in 1960, tying for 3rd-4th in 1961 (Yuri Kots won), taking 3rd in 1962 (Stein won), and tying for 2nd-3rd in 1964 (Bannik won).[9]
| Year | City | Name | Points | Place | Featured Game | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 12 Championship of Ukraine | 6.5/17 | 13-15 | vs I. Boleslavsky (W) | ||
| 1946 | Kyiv | 15 Championship of Ukraine | 11.5/17 | 4-6 | ||
| 1947 | Kyiv | 16 Championship of Ukraine | 10.5/16 | 3-4 | ||
| 1948 | Kyiv | 17 Championship of Ukraine | 7.5/18 | 13-15 | vs E. Geller(W) | |
| 1949 | Odessa | 18 Championship of Ukraine | 11.5/19 | 6-9 | vs E. Geller(W) | |
| 1950 | Kyiv | 19 Championship of Ukraine | 8.5/17 | 9-11 | vs I. Lipnitsky(D) | |
| 1951 | Kyiv | 20 Championship of Ukraine | 10.5/17 | 5 | ||
| 1957 | Kyiv | 26 Championship of Ukraine | 11/17 | 3 | vs Flohr (D) | |
| 1958 | Kyiv | 27 Championship of Ukraine | 10.5/16 | 2-4 | vs GM E. Geller(D) | |
| 1959 | Kyiv | 28 Championship of Ukraine | 13/21 | 4-5 | ||
| 1960 | Kyiv | 29 Championship of Ukraine | 12/17 | 1-2 | vs L. Stein(W) | |
| 1961 | Kyiv | 30 Championship of Ukraine | 9/15 | 3-4 | ||
| 1962 | Kyiv | 31 Championship of Ukraine | 11.5/17 | 3 | ||
| 1963 | Kyiv | 32 Championship of Ukraine | 10/17 | 4-5 | ||
| 1964 | Kyiv | 33 Championship of Ukraine | 13/19 | 2-3 | ||
| 1966 | Kyiv | 35 Championship of Ukraine | 13/17 | 1 | ||
| 1967 | Kyiv | 36 Championship of Ukraine | 8/13 | 6-16 | ||
| 1968 | Kyiv | 37 Championship of Ukraine | 12.5/17 | 1 | ||
| 1970 | Kyiv | 39 Championship of Ukraine | 4.5/17 | 18 |
Yuri Sakharov played in the Ukrainian team during Soviet Team Chess Championships.
| Year | City | Name | Board | Result | Featured Game | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | Leningrad | 1st Soviet Team Chess Championship | 9 | 3.5/6 | ||
| 1958 | Vilnius | 5th Soviet Team Chess Championship | 3 | 4.5/8 | vs GM Averbakh (D) | |
| 1959 | Moscow | 6th Soviet Team Chess Championship | 4 | 6/9 | vs GM Tolush (W) | |
| 1960 | Moscow | 7th Soviet Team Chess Championship | 3 | 4.5/8 | vs IM Makogonov(W) | |
| 1967 | Moscow | 10th Soviet Team Chess Championship | 4 | 4/8 | vs GM Antoshin (D) | |
| 1968 | Grozny | 11th Soviet Team Chess Championship | Reserve | 2.5/6 | vs GM Furman (D) |
Twice Sakharov became the Champion of the Ukrainian Voluntary Sports Society "Avangard" (Russian: ДСО "Авангард") in 1962 (11.5/15) and 1964 (8.5/13).
He played for the "Avangard" Team during Soviet Team Chess Cup Tournaments.
| Year | City | Name | Board | Result | Featured Game | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Moscow | 3rd Soviet Team Chess Cup | 4 | 2.5/5 | vs GM Boleslavsky (D) | |
| 1964 | Moscow | 4th Soviet Team Chess Cup | 2 | 2/6 | vs GM Averbakh (D) | |
| 1966 | Moscow | 5th Soviet Team Chess Cup | 2 | 4/8 | vs GM Korchnoi (D) | |
| 1968 | Riga | 6th Soviet Team Chess Cup | 2 | 3.5/9 | vs IM Osnos (D) | |
| 1971 | Rostov-on-Don | 7th Soviet Team Chess Cup | Reserve | .5/2 | vs GM Krogius (D) |
He participated in the USSR Chess Championships 5 times.
| Year | City | Championship | Points | Place | Featured Game | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Leningrad | XXVII | 6/19 | 18-20 | vs Bronstein (D) | |
| 1964/65 | Kyiv | XXXII | 7.5/19 | 17 | vs Bannik (W) | |
| 1965 | Tallinn | XXXIII | 10.5/19 | 7 | vs Stein (W) | |
| 1967 | Kharkov | XXXV | 9/13 | 6 | vs Polugaevsky (D) | |
| 1968/69 | Alma-Ata | XXXVI | 9/19 | 14 | vs Tal (D) |
He was a winner of International Chess Tournament in Varna in 1968 and made the first norm for a title of International Master.
Yuri Sakharov successfully played in friendly international matches both for the USSR and Ukraine.
| Match | Year | Location | Score | Games | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Match USSR-Yugoslavia | 1966 | Sukhumi | 3 out 5 | ||
| USSR-Yugoslavia | 1968 | Sochi | 3.5 out 4 | ||
| Ukraine-West Berlin | 1970 | Kiev | 2 out 4 |
Yuri Sakharov was part of the Soviet Team that won gold in Chess Correspondence Olympiad VI of 1968–1972 and VII of 1972–1976.
| Year | Name | Board | Points | Team Place | Featured Game | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968-1972 | 6th Correspondence Chess Olympiad | 4 | 7/8 (the best board) | 1 | ||
| 1972-1977 | 7th Correspondence Chess Olympiad | 4 | 5/9 | 1 |
| Year | Name | Points | Place | Featured Game | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973-1977 | 1st CC World Cup Final | 7/14 | 7 | ||
| 1977-1983 | 9th Correspondence World Championship Final | 7.5/16 | 10 | vs Tonu Oim (L) |
As a chess player