| Yun | |
| Language: | Chinese |
| Language origin: | Old Chinese |
| Meaning: | cloud |
Yun is a Chinese surname, listed 41st in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames.[1]
The Chinese surname Yun (云) may be confused with the common Korean surname Yun (윤) which instead derives from the Chinese character 尹 (yǐn), meaning "governor".
Very few outside cognates of Old Chinese *[ɢ]ʷən (Baxter-Sagart) exist. Starostin compares it with Mizo vân (“sky, the skies, heaven”) and Karbi inghun (“cloud”). It could possibly derive from a root meaning “to revolve”. Compare 運 (OC *[ɢ]ʷər-s, “to move”), 回 (OC *[ɢ]ʷˤəj, “to whirl, to circle”) (Schuessler, 2007). OC *[ɢ]ʷˤəj bears striking similarities to Ket -ga (Proto-Yenisseian *gaj). [2]
Yun is a rare surname,[3] being the 323rd most common surname in China and shared among 156,000 people as of 2013.[4]
Yun is the surname of many Tümeds, a Chinese-speaking Mongol ethnic group.[5] Some Tumeds had the surname "Yun" during China's Qing Dynasty (1644–1912), and claim even more ancient origins. However, adoption of the surname greatly increased during the 1920s, and especially after the 1949 revolution, which increased Mongols' access to education.[6] Mongolian names in the Mongolian language generally do not contain surnames, so Mongols chose surnames when registering for Chinese elementary school. In those schools, adoption of the Yun surname became a social norm for Tumeds, who are largely endogamous.[6] The most famous Tumed with the surname "Yun" was Ulanhu, chairman of Inner Mongolia (1947–1966) and Vice President of China (1983–1988). During the 1980s and 1990s, the "Yun family" was identified with the dominant "West Mongol" (Tumed) faction in the Inner Mongolian government. The other two factions were that of the "East Mongols" (Khorchin tribe) and the Inner Mongolian Han. The perceived nepotism among the Yun family in Ulanhu's government was a frequent object of satire by government critics. According to anthropologist Uradyn Bulag,[5]
One story tells that when someone went to the Inner Mongolian government building and shouted, "Lao [senior] Yun!" almost half of the office windows were opened. Realizing his mistake, the person shouted, "Xiao [junior] Yun!"; the other half of the windows then opened.... A similar story is that there were so many Yuns seeking to attend Ulahu's funeral in Beijing that it became difficult to buy train tickets.