| Competition: | Prva savezna liga |
| Season: | 1952 |
| Winners: | Hajduk Split (4th title) |
| Relegated: | Rabotnički Mačva Šabac |
| Prevseason: | 1951 |
| Nextseason: | 1952–53 |
The First Federal League of Yugoslavia's 1952 season (colloquially the Yugoslav First League) was shortened and sped-up. It was completed over a period of little more than three and a half months, beginning on 2 March 1952 and finishing on 22 June 1952. The reason for the changes was a desire to start the next season in the fall of 1952, thus implementing the fall-spring format that had become a norm all across Europe by this time.
The clubs were initially divided into two groups of six teams each, where everyone within a given group played each other twice (home and away).
Then, according to the placement in these preliminary groups, three new groups were formed:
| Rank | Player | Club | Goals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stanoje Jocić | BSK Belgrade | 13 | |
| 2 | Vladimir Firm | Lokomotiva | 11 | |
| 3 | Drago Hmeljina | Lokomotiva | 10 |