Turrbal language explained

Turrbal
Nativename:Yagara
Region:Queensland
Ethnicity:Turrbal
Familycolor:Australian
Fam1:Pama–Nyungan
Fam2:Durubalic
Iso3:yxg
Aiatsis:E86
Aiatsisname:Turubul
Aiatsis2:E23
Aiatsisname2:Jagara
Glotto:yaga1256
Glottoname:Yagara-Jandai

Turrbal is an Aboriginal Australian language of the Turrbal people of the Brisbane area of Queensland.

Alternate spellings include Turubul, Turrubal, Turrabul, Toorbal, and Tarabul.[1]

Classification

The four dialects listed in Dixon (2002)[2] are sometimes seen as separate Durubalic languages, especially Jandai and Nunukul; Yagara, Yugarabul, and Turrbul proper are more likely to be considered dialects.[3] [4] Turrbal (E86) has been variously classified as a language, group of languages or as a dialect of another language. F. J. Watson classifies Turrbal (E86) as a sub group of Yugarabul E66, which is most likely the language Yagara E23.[5] Norman Tindale uses the term Turrbal (E86) to refers to speakers of the language of Yagara E23.[6] John Steele classifies Turrbal (E86) as a language within the Yagara language group.[7] R. M. W. Dixon classifies Turrbal as a dialect of the language of Yagera, in the technical linguistic sense where mutually intelligible dialects are deemed to belong to a single language.[8] Bowern considers Turrbal to be one of five languages of the "Turubulic" language group, the others being Nunukul, Yaraga, Janday and Guwar.[9]

Phonology

Consonants

PeripheralLaminalApical
LabialVelarPalatalAlveolar
Plosivebɡɟd
Nasalmŋɲn
Rhoticr
Laterall
Approximantwj

Vowels

FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Mideo
Opena

Vocabulary

Some words from the Turrbal / Yagara language include:

The literary journal Meanjin takes its name from the Turrbal name for the land centred at Gardens Point on which Brisbane was founded.[12] This name is sometimes used for the greater Brisbane area.[13] [14]

Loanword yakka

The Australian English word yakka, an informal term referring to any work, especially of strenuous kind, comes from a Yagara word yaga, the verb for 'work'.[15] [16]

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Turrbal Aboriginal Tribe - Traditional Owners of Brisbane . 2022-10-12 . Turrbal . en-AU.
  2. Book: Dixon, R. M. W. . R. M. W. Dixon . Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development . Cambridge University Press . 2002 . xxxiv. subscription.
  3. Web site: E23: Yuggera . Australian Indigenous Languages Database . 26 July 2019 . . 14 June 2022.
  4. Web site: E66: Yugarabul . Australian Indigenous Languages Database . 26 July 2019 . . 14 June 2022.
  5. Book: Watson . F.J. . Vocabularies of four representative tribes of South Eastern Queensland : with grammatical notes thereof and some notes on manners and customs, also, a list of Aboriginal place names and their derivations . 1944 . Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (Queensland) . 22 February 2023.
  6. Book: Tindale . Norman . Aboriginal tribes of Australia : their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names . 1974 . University of California Press . 0520020057.
  7. Book: Steele . John . Aboriginal pathways : in southeast Queensland and the Richmond River . 1984 . University of Queensland Press . 0702219436.
  8. Book: Dixon . R. M. W. . Australian languages their nature and development . 2002 . Cambridge University Press . 0521473780 . xxiv, xxxiv.
  9. Book: The Oxford Guide to Australian Languages . Oxford . 2013 . 9780198824978 . Bowern . Claire . lxxxiv.
  10. Book: Charlton, Kerry . An introduction to the languages of Moreton Bay : Yagarabul and Its Djandewal dialect, and Moreton Islands Gowar . 2019.
  11. Book: Jefferies, Tony . Guwar, the language of Moreton Island, and its relationship to the Bandjalang and Yagara subgroups: a case for phylogenetic migratory expansion? . University of Queensland . 2011.
  12. News: The Old Brisbane Blacks. . . LVIII . 13,623 . Queensland, Australia . 10 September 1901 . 17 February 2023 . 7 . National Library of Australia . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324004447/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19160836 . live .
  13. News: Khan . Jo . Graham-McLay . Charlotte . 23 July 2023 . Naarm, Gadigal, Tāmaki Makaurau: Indigenous place names in the spotlight at Women's World Cup . en-GB . The Guardian . 3 August 2023 . 0261-3077 . 4 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230804045402/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/24/naarm-gadigal-tamaki-makaurau-indigenous-placenames-in-the-spotlight-at-womens-world-cup . live .
  14. Web site: 14 July 2023 . Meanjin: exploring the Traditional Place name of Brisbane . 3 August 2023 . auspost.com.au . en . 3 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230803073615/https://auspost.com.au/community-hub/traditional-place-names/meanjin-exploring-traditional-place-name-of-brisbane . live .
  15. Web site: Macquarie Dictionary . 19 August 2019 . Good, old-fashioned hard yakka . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230311085608/https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/blog/article/604/ . 11 March 2023 . Macquarie Dictionary.
  16. Web site: Australian National University . Meanings and origins of Australian words and idioms. 2023-07-26. en.

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