| Building Name: | Yu Aw Synagogue |
| Native Name: | fa|کنیسای یوآو |
| Image Upright: | 1.4 |
| Location: | Momanda, Herat, Afghanistan |
| Map Type: | Afghanistan |
| Map Size: | 250 |
| Map Relief: | 1 |
| Status: | Synagogue |
| Functional Status: | Abandoned |
| Architecture Style: | Persian |
| Facade Direction: | West |
| Materials: | Mud brick |
The Yu Aw Synagogue (fa|کنیسای یوآو) is an abandoned Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in the Momanda neighbourhood of the old city of Herat, in western Afghanistan. The area was once known as Mahalla-yi Musahiya, or the "Neighbourhood of the Jews". It is the only synagogue in Herat that has been preserved with most of its original characteristics, although it is currently in a state of disrepair.[1]
There is no definitive date of construction of the synagogue. When Israel was founded in 1948, the estimated 280 Jewish families that lived in Herat began leaving. As of 2021, there were no Jews in Afghanistan.[2] [3]
In 2020, Al Jazeera reported that part of the complex was restored by the local government in 2009.[4] It is the only synagogue in Herat that has been preserved with most of its original features. Although badly damaged, it was recently converted into an infant school. There are three other synagogues in Herat,[5] in a more advanced state of disrepair, two had been converted to schools and one to a mosque.[6] Not far from the synagogue there is still a mikvah formerly called Hamman-e Yahudiha, which was converted into a hammam for Muslim men. There is also a Jewish cemetery that contains around 1,000 graves.[3]
The synagogue was restored in 2009 with funding from Swiss NGO Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Restoration of the interior blue, hand-painted dome by local craftsmen was funded by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, but all but stopped after the government's fall during the 2021 Taliban offensive.[7]
However, in October 2022, the Taliban-run Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan announced a 16-month project to prevent the synagogue's structural collapse and to rehabilitate the community's mikveh. Most of the $500,000 cost is being funded by the Aliph Foundation.[8]
The remains of the building on the east, north and south sides of the courtyard are now used as family housing. A room in the basement of the structure on the west side of the courtyard is used for housing by one of the employees of the Herat Department of Historic Monuments Preservation. The remainder of the building is in a precarious condition. Annette Ittig's report does not date the synagogue.[9]
A preliminary survey carried out by Annette Ittig in 1998 noted that: