Yttrium oxalate explained
Yttrium oxalate is an inorganic compound, a salt of yttrium and oxalic acid with the chemical formula Y(CO).[1] The compound does not dissolve in water and forms crystalline hydrates—colorless crystals.[2]
Synthesis
Precipitation of soluble yttrium salts with oxalic acid:[3]
| 2YCl3+3H2C2O4 \xrightarrow{ Y | |
| 2(C |
2O4)3\downarrow+6HCl}
Properties
Yttrium oxalate is highly insoluble in water and converts to the oxide when heated.[4] Yttrium oxalate forms crystalline hydrates (colorless crystals) with the formula Y(CO)•n HO, where n = 4, 9, and 10.
Decomposes when heated:
| Y2(C2O4)3 \xrightarrow{700oC Y | |
| 2O |
3+3CO2+3CO}
The solubility product of yttrium oxalate at 25 °C is 5.1 × 10−30.[5]
The trihydrate Y(CO)•3HO is formed by heating more hydrated varieties at 110 °C.[6]
Y(CO)•2HO, which is formed by heating the decahydrate at 210 °C) forms monoclinic crystals with unit cell dimensions a=9.3811 Å, b=11.638 Å, c=5.9726 Å, β=96.079°.[7]
Related
Several yttrium oxalate double salts are known containing additional cations. Also a mixed-anion compound with carbonate is known.
| formula | name | formula weight | crystal form | space group | unit cell Å | volume Å3 | properties | references |
|---|
| NH4Y(C2O4)2.H2O | Ammonium yttrium oxalate monohydrate | | monoclinic | P2/n | a=9.18 b=6.09 c=7.89 β=90.2 Z=2 | | | [8] |
| [C<sub>6</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>16</sub>]0.5[Y(H<sub>2</sub>O)(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]·2H2O | | 377.1 | triclinic | P | a = 8.229, b = 9.739, c = 9.754, α = 60.74, β = 72.36, γ = 84.67°, Z = 2 | 648.5 | density 1.931 | [9] |
| [C<sub>5</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>12</sub>] [Y(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] | | 365.1 | monoclinic | Cc | a = 11.552, b = 17.168, c = 8.719, β = 130.64°, Z = 2 | 1312.1 | density 1.848 | |
| C5NH6Y(C2O4)2•3H2O | Pyridinium yttrium oxalate trihydrate | | | | | | | [10] |
| [Y(H<sub>2</sub>O)]Na(C2O4)2.3H2O | yttrium sodium oxalate tetrahydrate | 360.005 | monoclinic | Pc | a=8.623 b=8.6310 c=14.896 β=102.848 Z=4 | 1080.9 | | [11] |
| YK(C2O4)2.4H2O | Yttrium potassium oxalate tetrahydrate | | tetragonal | I41/a | Z = 4 a = 11.4612, c = 8.9040 | 1169.6 | | [12] [13] |
| Y(H2O)Cs(C2O4)2 | Caesium yttrium oxalate monohydrate | | monoclinic | P2/n | a = 8.979, b = 6.2299, c = 8.103, β = 90.05° | 453.3 | | [14] |
| RbLn(C2O4)2•3H2O | Rubidium yttrium oxalate trihydrate | | | | | | | [15] |
| [Y(H<sub>2</sub>O)]2(C2O4)(CO3)2 | yttrium oxalate carbonate | 421.876 | orthorhombic | C2221 | a = 7.8177, b = 14.943, c = 9.4845, Z = 4 | 1108.0 | density 2.526 | [16] | |
Notes and References
- Web site: Yttrium oxalate . . 25 June 2021 . en.
- Feibush . A. M. . Rowley . Keith . Gordon . Louis . Solubility of Yttrium Oxalate . . 25 June 2021 . 1610–1612 . 10.1021/ac60142a008 . 1958-10-01. 30 . 10 .
- Book: Yoon . Jung Hoon . Precipitation of Yttrium and Rare Earth Powders from Aqueous Solutions and Emulsions . 1990 . University of California, Berkeley . 54 . 25 June 2021 . en.
- Web site: Yttrium Oxalate . . 25 June 2021 . en.
- Chung . Dong-Yong . Kim . Eung-Ho . Lee . Eil-Hee . Yoo . Jae-Hyung . Solubility of Rare Earth Oxalate in Oxalic and Nitric Acid Media . Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry . 1998 . 4 . 4 . 277–284 . ko.
- Moosath . S. S. . Abraham . John . Swaminathan . T. V. . Thermal Decomposition of Rare Earth Metal Oxalates. III. Oxalates of Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium and Yttrium . Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie . August 1963 . 324 . 1–2 . 99–102 . 10.1002/zaac.19633240112.
- Louër . D. . Deneuve . F. . Ecochard . F. . Indexing of the Powder Diffraction Pattern of Yttrium Oxalate Dihydrate . Powder Diffraction . June 1990 . 5 . 2 . 104–105 . 10.1017/S0885715600015438. 1990PDiff...5..104L . 96385377 .
- McDonald. T. R. R.. Spink. J. M.. 1967-12-10. The crystal structure of a double oxalate of yttrium and ammonium, NH4Y(C2O4)2.H2O. Acta Crystallographica. 23. 6. 944–949. 10.1107/S0365110X67004104. 1967AcCry..23..944M .
- Vaidhyanathan. R.. Natarajan. Srinivasan. Rao. C. N. R.. January 2001. Three-Dimensional Yttrium Oxalates Possessing Large Channels. Chemistry of Materials. en. 13. 1. 185–191. 10.1021/cm000419o. 0897-4756.
- Genčova . O. . Šiftar . J. . Synthesis and Thermal Analysis of Double Oxalates of Rare Earths (III) with the Pyridinium Cation . Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia . 1994 . 13 . 25–28 .
- Bataille . T. . Louër . D. . Yttrium sodium oxalate tetrahydrate, [Y(H 2 O)]Na(C 2 O 4) 2 . 3H 2 O . . 1999-11-15 . 55 . 11 . 1760–1762 . 10.1107/S0108270199009683. 93288364 . free . 1999AcCrC..55.1760B .
- Bataille . T. . Auffrédic . J.-P. . Louër . D. . A Powder Diffraction Study of the Crystal Structure and the Dehydration Process of Yttrium Potassium Oxalate Tetrahydrate . Materials Science Forum . January 2000 . 321-324 . 976–981 . 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.321-324.976. 98146305 .
- Zhang . Xingjing . Xing . Yongheng . Wang . Chunguang . Han . Jing . Li . Jing . Ge . Maofa . Zeng . Xiaoqing . Niu . Shuyun . Lanthanide–alkali metals–oxalates coordination polymers: Synthesis and structures of [Nd(C2O4)1.5(H2O)3]·2H2O, Nd(C2O4)(CH3COO)(H2O), KLn(C2O4)2(H2O)4 (Ln=Y, Tb) . . March 2009 . 362 . 4 . 1058–1064 . 10.1016/j.ica.2008.05.029.
- Bataille. Thierry. Auffrédic. Jean-Paul. Louër. Daniel. 2000. Crystal structure and thermal behaviour of the new layered oxalate Y(H2O)Cs(C2O4)2 studied by powder X-ray diffraction. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 10. 7. 1707–1711. 10.1039/b001201g.
- Genčova . O. . šiftar . J. . Synthesis and dehydration of double oxalates of rare earths(III) with some monovalent metals: II. Investigations of RbLn(C2O4)2·nH2O . Journal of Thermal Analysis . April 1997 . 48 . 4 . 877–884 . 10.1007/bf01997192. 95932914 .
- Bataille . Thierry . Louër . Daniel . Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the structure of [Y(H 2 O)] 2 (C 2 O 4)(CO 3) 2 . Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science . 2000-12-01 . 56 . 6 . 998–1002 . 10.1107/S0108768100010004. 11099966 .
