Yongding, Longyan Explained

Yongding
Other Name:Engteng; Yungting
Settlement Type:District
Image Map1:ChinaFujianLongyan.png
Map Caption1:Longyan in Fujian
Coordinates:24.724°N 116.732°W
Coor Pinpoint:Yongding government
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:People's Republic of China
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:Fujian
Subdivision Type2:Prefecture-level city
Subdivision Name2:Longyan
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Total Km2:2223
Population Total:361000
Population As Of:2015
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone1:China Standard
Utc Offset1:+8
S:永定
T:永定
P:Yǒngdìng
H:Yún-thin
Psp:Engteng
Showflag:h
Order:st

Yongding is a district under the jurisdiction of Longyan prefecture-level city in the southwest of Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. The district is a center for Hakka culture, including the traditional Hakka tulou, and a local dialect of the Hakka Chinese called the . As of 2015, Yongding has a permanent population of about 361,000,[1] of which more than 99% are Hakka, the rest being She people. In December 2014, the Fujian government signed legislation converting Yongding from a county to a district.[2]

Yongding is the hometown of many overseas Chinese immigrants that came to south-east Asia and Burma during the British Raj.

History

Yongding County was established in the 14th year of Chenghua (AD 1478) in the Ming dynasty. It was originally part of Shanghang County. The governor of Fujian province proposed to separate this south-eastern part of the Shanghang County to form a new county and name it Yongding, literally meaning peaceful forever, after suppressing a riot in that particular region.

On December 13, 2014, the Fujian government passed a law converting Yongding from a county to a district. The law came into effect on February 9, 2015.

In March 2015, was upgraded from a township to a town, and was upgraded from a town to a subdistrict.

Geography

Located in the southwest of Fujian province, Yongding District is situated on the Fujian-Guangdong border. Yongding District is bordered by Nanjing County in Zhangzhou to the east, Pinghe County in Zhangzhou to the southeast, Dabu County and Meixian District of Meizhou, Guangdong to the southwest, Shanghang County to the northwest, and Xinluo District to the northeast. Both Dabu and Shanghang are Hakka-speaking counties; Longyan city centre (aka Xinluo District), Nanjing and Pinghe are predominantly Minnan-speaking.

Yongding District is 2223km2 in area. Like other counties of Fujian province, Yongding is 80% hills and mountains, 10% water or rivers, and 10% fields. Two major rivers run through the district: Yongding River (Chinese: 永定河) and Xiayang Creek (Chinese: 下洋溪). Both are tributaries of the Ting River (the name by which it is known in Fujian territory) or Han River (the name by which it is known in Guangdong province).

Climate

Located in a sub-tropical area and subject to typhoons, Yongding has high annual precipitation of about 1200mm1500mm per year.

Administrative divisions

Yongding District current administers 1 subdistrict, 14 towns, and 9 townships.[3]

divided into twenty-four township-level divisions: one subdistrict, twelve towns and eleven townships.[4] [5] [6]

Subdistrict

The district executive, legislature and judiciary are in (Chinese: 凤城街道), formerly the town of Fengcheng (Chinese: 凤城镇), together with the CPC and PSB branches. Fengcheng Subdistrict is the district's sole subdistrict, and had a population of 48,048 as of 2015.

Towns

The district is home to the following 14 towns:

!English Name!Hanzi!Population (2015)
KanshiChinese: 坎市镇26,164
Chinese: 下洋镇38,466
Chinese: 抚市镇31,213
Chinese: 高陂镇47,786
Chinese: 湖雷镇43,064
HukengChinese: 湖坑镇24,860
Chinese: 培丰镇38,965
Chinese: 峰市镇8,419
Chinese: 龙潭镇13,302
Chinese: 城郊镇13,428
Chinese: 仙师镇20,967
Chinese: 虎岗镇17,250
15,982
14,657

Townships

The district is home to the following 9 townships:

!English Name!Hanzi!Population (2015)
Chinese: 西溪乡4,703
Chinese: 金砂乡7,007
Chinese: 洪山乡8,328
Chinese: 湖山乡12,076
Chinese: 古竹乡15,583
Chinese: 合溪乡17,256
Chinese: 大溪乡13,465
Chinese: 陈东乡13,422
Chinese: 高头乡10,109

Demographics

As of 2015, Yongding District has a hukou population of 504,520, but has approximately just 361,000 permanent residents. 44.3% of the district's permanent residents live in urban areas.

The district's urban residents have a per capita disposable income of 29,952 renminbi (RMB) as of 2015, a 7.1% increase from 2014. In 2015, this figure stood at 14,136 RMB for the district's rural residents, a 9.8% increase from 2014.

The, a part of the Tingzhou dialect of Hakka Chinese, is spoken in the district.[7]

Culture

Yongding District is famous for its tulou, large multi-family adobe buildings. Out of the 10 tulous or tulous clusters inscribed on the World Heritage List (as Fujian Tulou), 5 are within Yongding District:

Economy

Yongding District recorded a gross domestic product of 19.12 billion renminbi (RMB) in 2015, an 8.2% increase from 2014.

Industry

Yongding District has a sizable automotive industry, which achieved an output of 3.151 billion RMB in 2015, a 0.8% increase from 2014. Fujian Motors Group has sizable operations in the district, where it produces engines for its New Longma brand, and multi-purpose vehicles for its Keyton brand.

As a result of abundant precipitation and mountainous terrain, hydroelectric power is abundant. There are numerous hydro plants in the district, one notable one being the provincial Mianhuatan Hydroelectric Power Station. The plant has a water storage capacity of 2.035 billion cubic meters and is able to generate 1.52 billion kilowatt hours of electricity a year. The Mianhuatan hydrodam contributes greatly to the rapidly growing economy of Fujian and neighboring Guangdong province.

Agriculture

In agriculture, rice is the main crop for the district. Most low-lying fields can yield two rice crops per year, while in high land fields, because of the earlier frost, only one harvest can be assured.

Persimmons, plums, and tea leaves are grown in the district. Cattle are raised in Yongding District, and various beef products are produced in the district.

Yongding is an important tobacco producer. The cultivation of tobacco started in Wan Li era of the Ming Dynasty. Yongding was honored as the "home of tobacco" in the early 20th century. Although its significance has declined in recent years, Yongding is still one of the most important tobacco producing areas in the region. Many top brand Chinese cigarettes contain Yongding leaf.

During the 2010s, the local government began partnering local farmers with Taobao, a large Chinese e-commerce website, to create a wider market for local agricultural goods. As of 2015, the district is home to 200 million RMB in e-commerce sales.

Mining

Yongding is rich in mineral deposits, most notably coal. Most of the district's coal is shipped to Guangdong, where economic growth has created huge demand for energy. This in turn has created demand for heavy trucks. As a result, Yongding is one of the top districts for the number of trucks.

Tourism

In 2015 alone, 5.252 million tourists visited Yongding District, generating 4.029 billion RMB in income. Common tourist destinations include the district's many tulou clusters, such as Chuxi Tulou cluster, and hot springs.

Transportation

The Zhangping–Longchuan railway runs through Yongding District, stopping at .,, and the are among the many expressways in Yongding District.

Notable people

There have been many famous overseas Chinese with their roots in Yongding. Aw Boon-Haw (Chinese: 胡文虎) was one of the most famous overseas Chinese in the 1930s and 40s.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2016. zh:永定年鉴. Yearbook of Yongding. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211202170401/http://www.yongding.gov.cn/yxyd/jzyg/fznj/201806/t20180626_1121514.htm. 2021-12-02. 2021-12-02. www.yongding.gov.cn. Yongding District People's Government. zh.
  2. News: Yongding county is now a district . China Daily . 31 December 2014 . 31 January 2015.
  3. Web site: 2020. zh:2020年统计用区划代码(永定区). 2020 Statistical Division Codes (Yongding District). live. https://archive.today/20211202173150/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2020/35/08/350803.html. 2021-12-02. 2021-12-02. National Bureau of Statistics of China. zh.
  4. Web site: http://www.fjyd.gov.cn/yxydshow.aspx?ctlgid=666452 . zh:龙岩市永定区人民政府-行政区划. Longyan City Yongding District People's Government-Administrative Divisions . zh-hans. Yongding District People's Government . "Chinese: 至此,全区辖1个街道、12个镇、11个乡,即凤城街道、坎市镇、下洋镇、湖雷镇、高陂镇、抚市镇、湖坑镇、培丰镇、龙潭镇、峰市镇、城郊镇、仙师镇、虎岗镇、洪山乡、湖山乡、岐岭乡、古竹乡、西溪乡、堂堡乡、合溪乡、金砂乡、大溪乡、陈东乡、高头乡。". 19 April 2018.
  5. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/fj/9466.html . zh:永定区历史沿革. Yongding District Historical Development. XZQH.org . zh-hans . "Chinese: 2015年3月25日,省政府(闽政文[2015]91号)批复同意龙岩市永定区撤销虎岗乡,设立虎岗镇;撤销凤城镇,设立凤城街道。调整后,全区辖1个街道、12个镇、11个乡:凤城街道、坎市镇、下洋镇、湖雷镇、高陂镇、抚市镇、湖坑镇、培丰镇、龙潭镇、峰市镇、城郊镇、仙师镇、虎岗镇、西溪乡、金砂乡、洪山乡、湖山乡、岐岭乡、古竹乡、堂保乡、合溪乡、大溪乡、陈东乡、高头乡。". 12 July 2015. 19 April 2018.
  6. Web site: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/35/08/350803.html . zh:2016年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码:永定区. 2016 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Yongding District . zh-hans. . "Chinese: 统计用区划代码 名称 350803001000 凤城街道办事处 350803101000 坎市镇 350803102000 下洋镇 350803103000 湖雷镇 350803104000 高陂镇 350803105000 抚市镇 350803106000 湖坑镇 350803107000 培丰镇 350803108000 龙潭镇 350803109000 峰市镇 350803110000 城郊镇 350803111000 仙师镇 350803112000 虎岗镇 350803201000 西溪乡 350803202000 金砂乡 350803204000 洪山乡 350803205000 湖山乡 350803206000 岐岭乡 350803207000 古竹乡 350803208000 堂堡乡 350803209000 合溪乡 350803211000 大溪乡 350803212000 陈东乡 350803213000 高头乡". 2016. 19 April 2018.
  7. Web site: 2008-04-20. zh:客家方言概述. Hakka Dialects Overview. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211202184046/http://www.yongding.gov.cn/yxyd/kjwh/200804/t20080420_1145381.htm. 2021-12-02. 2021-12-02. www.yongding.gov.cn. Yongding District People's Government. zh.