| Yong'an dialect | |
| Nativename: | 永安事 |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /[uã˧ um˧ sia˧˥]/ |
| States: | Southern China |
| Region: | Yong'an, Sanming, Fujian |
| Speakers: | ? |
| Familycolor: | Sino-Tibetan |
| Fam2: | Sinitic |
| Fam3: | Chinese |
| Fam4: | Min |
| Fam5: | Inland Min |
| Fam6: | Central Min |
| Ancestor: | Proto-Sino-Tibetan |
| Ancestor2: | Old Chinese |
| Ancestor3: | Proto-Min |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Glotto: | none |
| Lingua: | 79-AAA-hbc |
| Notice: | IPA |
The Yong'an dialect (Central Min: 永安事, Mandarin Chinese: 永安話) is a Central Min dialect spoken in Yong'an, Sanming in Western Fujian Province, China.
The Yong'an dialect has 17 initials, 41 rimes and 6 tones.
The initials of the Yong'an dialect are:
| Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal / Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ ~ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Plosive | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Affricate | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
The Yong'an dialect has a rich set of oral and nasal vowels, but allows only -m and -ŋ as a final consonant.
| Open syllable | Nasal coda | Nasal vowel coda | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open mouth | ɹ̩ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | aɯ ɔu | m am ɔm ãŋ ẽĩŋ | ã õ | |
| Even mouth | i ia iɔ iø ie iɯ | iau | iam iẽĩŋ | ĩ iã iõ | |
| Closed mouth | pronounced as /link/ uɔ ue ui | um uẽĩŋ | uã | ||
| Round mouth | pronounced as /link/ ya ye yi | ym yẽĩŋ | |||
The tones are:
| Middle Chinese tone | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| level | rising | departing | entering | |
| upper | 53 | 21 | 35 | 13 |
| lower | 32 | 43 | (> lower rising) | |
The Yong'an dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:
| Original citation tone | Tone sandhi |
|---|---|
| upper level | lower level |
| lower level | remain unchanged |
| upper rising | lower level |
| lower rising | upper rising |
| departing | remain unchanged |
| entering | high level (55) |