Yoke Khin Yap Explained

Yoke Khin Yap
Nationality:American
Occupation:Physicist, materials scientist and academic
Education:BS., Physics
MS., Physics
PhD., Electrical Engineering
Alma Mater:University of Malaya
Osaka University
Workplaces:Michigan Technological University

Yoke Khin Yap (Traditional Chinese: 葉玉牽 or Simplified Chinese: 叶玉牵, born 1968) is an American physicist, materials scientist and academic. He is most known for his nanoscale and quantum-scale materials research, and serves as a professor of Physics at Michigan Technological University (MTU).[1]

Yap has published research articles and a book entitled B-C-N Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures. He received the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Career Award in 2005,[2] the MTU Bhakta Rath Award in 2011[3] the MTU research award in 2018[4] and was granted the title of Michigan Tech University Professor in 2020.[1] Additionally, he is among the first few recipients named Osaka University Global Alumni Fellow in 2015.[5]

Education

Yap earned a bachelor's degree in physics in 1992 and a master's degree in 1994, both from the University of Malaya. In 1995, he received the Japanese Government's Monbusho Scholarship and completed a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Osaka University in 1999.[1]

Career

After earning his Ph.D., Yap continued his postdoctoral training at Osaka University from 1999 to 2002, serving as a Research Fellow. He joined Michigan Technological University as an assistant professor in 2002, later becoming associate professor in 2006, Professor in 2011 and has held the position of University Professor since 2020.[1]

Yap was appointed one of the US representatives at the 2006 US-China Nanotechnology Workshop held at NSF. From 2005 to 2007, he was the Charter Member of the Users' Executive Committee (UEC) of the US Department of Energy's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to create the users association, becoming the first elected chair of the user group in 2008.[6]

Yap held the position of Faculty Fellow in the MTU Office of the Vice President for Research from 2014 to 2016, and served as the Associate Department Chair of Physics in 2023.[7]

Research

Yap pioneered research on all-solid-state UV lasers based on cesium lithium borate (CsLiBO) nonlinear optical crystals. He initiated studies on boron-carbon nitride (B-C-N) materials and high-purity boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) using the all-solid-state UV laser. He developed novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods for B-C-N related nanostructures. Later, his focus shifted to the unique applications of high-purity BNNTs for future electronics and biomedical applications.[8]

Functionalized high-purity BNNTs for future electronics and biomedicine

Yap and his collaborators have conducted studies on the unique properties of electrically insulating and optically transparent boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), with a band gap of approximately 6 eV. Utilizing high-purity BNNTs' electrical insulating properties, he and his colleagues developed a method to prevent dye molecule quenching on BNNTs, resulting in each BNNT serving as a fluorophore with enhanced brightness by up to 1000 times, enabling the conversion of existing dye molecules into high-brightness fluorophores (HBFs) suitable for antigen detection, leveraging BNNTs' transparency across UV to near-IR wavelengths.[9] [10] [11]

In joint research, Yap led the creation of high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) by filling tellurium (Te) arrays of atoms inside electrically insulating BNNT. This contrasts the unstable semiconducting properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) to structural changes and ambient conditions.[12] He also demonstrated the creation of novel nanoscale semiconductors through a bottom-up approach, utilizing gold quantum dots coated on the surfaces of BNNTs, providing tunable band gaps capable of absorbing visible light.[13] Additionally, he introduced a transistor fabrication method devoid of semiconductors, using quantum tunneling between gold quantum dots coated on BNNTs (QD-BNNTs) as the switching mechanism for single-electron transistors (SETs), offering improved current switching capabilities, particularly at shorter transport lengths, thus bypassing inherent limitations of traditional semiconductor-based transistors.[14]

High-purity BNNTs

Yap's work on high-purity BNNTs centers on exploring different synthesis methods for various applications. He pioneered the synthesis of high-purity BNNTs by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD)[15] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).[16] [17] His group at MTU demonstrated the growth of BNNTs at 600C by using an all-solid-state UV laser, and also invented a low-temperature CVD method that enables the growth of BNNTs at 1100-1200C, similar to the synthesis of carbon nanotubes using regular furnaces in research laboratories.[18]

B-C-N materials

Yap has investigated B-C-N materials through novel techniques. By using an all-solid-state UV laser, he created a radio-frequency (RF) plasma-assisted PLD system.[19] He has demonstrated a series of original discoveries on carbon nitride (CN),[20] cubic phase boron nitride (BN)[21] [22] and boron carbon nitride (BCN) materials, including the conversion of CN bonds from sp to sp hybridization and the synthesis of BCN nanostructures.[23] [24]

High-power all-solid-state UV laser for PLD by CsLiBO crystals

Yap examined ultraviolet (UV) lasers, essential for photolithography, materials processing, and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), noting that commercial excimer lasers are bulky and use corrosive gasses and high voltage. He pioneered the research on the fourth and fifth harmonic generation (4ɯ and 5ɯ) of Nd:YAG lasers using the cesium lithium borate (CsLiBO) crystals invented by his research advisors (Takatomo Sasaki and Yusuke Mori), resulting in compact all-solid-state UV lasers that delivered pulsed energy as high as 500mJ (266 nm, 4ɯ) and 230mJ (213 nm, 5w).[25] [26]

Awards and honors

Bibliography

Books

Selected articles

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Yoke Khin Yap | Physics | Michigan Tech. www.mtu.edu.
  2. Web site: NSF Award Search: Award # 0447555 - CAREER: Synthesis, Characterization and Discovery of Frontier Carbon Materials. www.nsf.gov.
  3. Web site: Yap, Lee Receive Bhakta Rath Award for Nanotube Research. Marcia. Goodrich. April 20, 2011. Michigan Technological University.
  4. Web site: Yoke Khin Yap Wins Research Award. Kelley. Christensen. April 27, 2018. Michigan Technological University.
  5. Web site: Osaka University Global Alumni Fellow. Osaka University.
  6. Web site: Business Meeting of the CNMS User Group.
  7. Web site: Graduate Program Directors and Faculty | Michigan Tech Graduate School. Michigan Technological University.
  8. Web site: Yoke Khin Yap. scholar.google.com.
  9. The rise of boron nitride nanotubes for applications in energy harvesting, nanoelectronics, quantum materials, and biomedicine. Dongyan. Zhang. Nazmiye. Yapici. Rodney. Oakley. Yoke Khin. Yap. December 1, 2022. Journal of Materials Research. 37. 24. 4605–4619. Springer Link. 10.1557/s43578-022-00737-5.
  10. Emerging Applications of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in Energy Harvesting, Electronics, and Biomedicine. Dongyan. Zhang. Siqi. Zhang. Nazmiye. Yapici. Rodney. Oakley. Sambhawana. Sharma. Vyom. Parashar. Yoke Khin. Yap. August 17, 2021. ACS Omega. 6. 32. 20722–20728. CrossRef. 10.1021/acsomega.1c02586. 8374898.
  11. Web site: High-brightness fluorophores.
  12. Raman response and transport properties of tellurium atomic chains encapsulated in nanotubes. Jing-Kai. Qin. Pai-Ying. Liao. Mengwei. Si. Shiyuan. Gao. Gang. Qiu. Jie. Jian. Qingxiao. Wang. Si-Qi. Zhang. Shouyuan. Huang. Adam. Charnas. Yixiu. Wang. Moon J.. Kim. Wenzhuo. Wu. Xianfan. Xu. Hai-Yan. Wang. Li. Yang. Yoke. Khin Yap. Peide D.. Ye. March 5, 2020. Nature Electronics. 3. 3. 141–147. www.nature.com. 10.1038/s41928-020-0365-4. 2001.05539.
  13. Two-Dimensional Gold Quantum Dots with Tunable Bandgaps. Shiva. Bhandari. Boyi. Hao. Kevin. Waters. Chee Huei. Lee. Juan-Carlos. Idrobo. Dongyan. Zhang. Ravindra. Pandey. Yoke Khin. Yap. April 23, 2019. ACS Nano. 13. 4. 4347–4353. CrossRef. 10.1021/acsnano.8b09559.
  14. Room‐Temperature Tunneling Behavior of Boron Nitride Nanotubes Functionalized with Gold Quantum Dots. Chee Huei. Lee. Shengyong. Qin. Madhusudan A.. Savaikar. Jiesheng. Wang. Boyi. Hao. Dongyan. Zhang. Douglas. Banyai. John A.. Jaszczak. Kendal W.. Clark. Juan‐Carlos. Idrobo. An‐Ping. Li. Yoke Khin. Yap. September 6, 2013. Advanced Materials. 25. 33. 4544–4548. CrossRef. 10.1002/adma.201301339.
  15. Low Temperature Growth of Boron Nitride Nanotubes on Substrates. Jiesheng. Wang. Vijaya K.. Kayastha. Yoke Khin. Yap. Zhiyong. Fan. Jia G.. Lu. Zhengwei. Pan. Ilia N.. Ivanov. Alex A.. Puretzky. David B.. Geohegan. December 1, 2005. Nano Letters. 5. 12. 2528–2532. CrossRef. 10.1021/nl051859n.
  16. Effective growth of boron nitride nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Chee Huei. Lee. Jiesheng. Wang. Vijaya K. Kayatsha. Jian Y. Huang. Yoke Khin. Yap. October 9, 2008. Nanotechnology. 19. 45. 455605. 10.1088/0957-4484/19/45/455605.
  17. Patterned Growth of Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition. Chee Huei. Lee. Ming. Xie. Vijaya. Kayastha. Jiesheng. Wang. Yoke Khin. Yap. March 9, 2010. Chemistry of Materials. 22. 5. 1782–1787. CrossRef. 10.1021/cm903287u.
  18. Recent advancements in boron nitride nanotubes. Jiesheng. Wang. Chee Huei. Lee. Yoke Khin. Yap. October 5, 2010. Nanoscale. 2. 10. 2028–2034. pubs.rsc.org. 10.1039/C0NR00335B.
  19. High-power fourth- and fifth-harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser by means of a CsLiB6O10. Y. K.. Yap. M.. Inagaki. S.. Nakajima. Y.. Mori. T.. Sasaki. September 1, 1996. Optics Letters. 21. 17. 1348–1350. opg.optica.org. 10.1364/OL.21.001348.
  20. Influence of negative dc bias voltage on structural transformation of carbon nitride at 600 °C. Y. K.. Yap. S.. Kida. T.. Aoyama. Y.. Mori. T.. Sasaki. August 17, 1998. Applied Physics Letters. 73. 7. 915–917. 10.1063/1.122036.
  21. Synthesis of adhesive c-BN films in pure nitrogen radio-frequency plasma. Y.K. Yap. T. Aoyama. S. Kida. Y. Mori. T. Sasaki. March 5, 1999. Diamond and Related Materials. 8. 2-5. 382–385. 10.1016/s0925-9635(98)00375-6.
  22. Growth of adhesive c-BN films on a tensile BN buffer layer. Y.K.. Yap. T.. Aoyama. Y.. Wada. M.. Yoshimura. Y.. Mori. T.. Sasaki. April 5, 2000. Diamond and Related Materials. 9. 3-6. 592–595. 10.1016/s0925-9635(00)00215-6.
  23. Bond modification of BCN films on Ni substrate. Y.K. Yap. Y. Wada. M. Yamaoka. M. Yoshimura. Y. Mori. T. Sasaki. March 5, 2001. Diamond and Related Materials. 10. 3-7. 1137–1141. 10.1016/s0925-9635(00)00373-3.
  24. The control of B N and B C bonds in BCN films synthesized using pulsed laser deposition. Y. Wada. Y.K. Yap. M. Yoshimura. Y. Mori. T. Sasaki. April 5, 2000. Diamond and Related Materials. 9. 3-6. 620–624. 10.1016/s0925-9635(00)00204-1.
  25. Long-term operation of CsLiB6O10 at elevated crystal temperature. Y. K.. Yap. T.. Inoue. H.. Sakai. Y.. Kagebayashi. Y.. Mori. T.. Sasaki. K.. Deki. M.. Horiguchi. January 1, 1998. Optics Letters. 23. 1. 34–36. opg.optica.org. 10.1364/OL.23.000034.
  26. Alleviation of thermally induced phase mismatch in CsLiB6O10 crystal by means of temperature-profile compensation. Y. K.. Yap. K.. Deki. N.. Kitatochi. Y.. Mori. T.. Sasaki. July 1, 1998. Optics Letters. 23. 13. 1016–1018. opg.optica.org. 10.1364/OL.23.001016.

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