| Yarka | |
| Translit Lang1: | Hebrew |
| Translit Lang1 Type3: | Also spelled |
| Translit Lang1 Info3: | Yirka (official) |
| Pushpin Map: | Israel northwest#Israel |
| Coordinates: | 32.9539°N 35.2122°W |
| Grid Name: | Grid position |
| Grid Position: | 170/261 PAL |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Northern |
| Unit Pref: | dunam |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
Yarka, officially Yirka (Hebrew: יִרְכָּא, Arabic: يركا),[1] is an Israeli Druze village[2] and local council in the Northern District of Israel. In 2019 it had a population of 17,171, 98.8% of them members of the Druze community, with a small Muslim (1.0%) and Christian (0.1%) minorities.[3]
Yarka is an ancient village site, where old columns and cisterns have been found. A Greek inscription here dating from the early Christian era was found by Clermont-Ganneau in 1881.[4]
During the Crusader era, Yarka was known under the name of Arket. In 1220, Joscelin III's daughter Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including Arket, to the Teutonic Knights.[5]
In 1517, Yarka was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after Palestine was captured from the Mamluks. By 1596, Yarka appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the Nahiya of Akka of the Liwa of Safad. It had a population of 174 Muslim households and 24 bachelors.[6] [7]
A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the town under the name Hierka.[8]
The French explorer Victor Guérin visited Yarka in 1875, and wrote that "cut stones of ancient appearance have been used in building the modern houses. [...] About a hundred cisterns cut in rock, a half of which are no longer used, and the other half serve for the wants of the people, reveal the existence in this place of an ancient locality of some importance."[9] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Yarka as a well-built stone village inhabited by 400 Druze who grew olives and figs.[10]
A population list from about 1887 showed that Yerka had about 1,285 inhabitants; virtually all Druze.[11]
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yarka had a population of 978 residents; 937 Druze, 26 Muslims, and 15 Christians,[12] where the Christians were 11 Orthodox, 3 Roman Catholics, and 1 Maronite.[13] The population increased in the 1931 census to 1,196; 1,138 Druze, 46 Muslims, and 11 Christians living in a total of 343 houses.[14]
According to an official land and population survey, Yarka had a population of 1,500 in 1945; 70 Muslims, 10 Christians, and 1420 Druze,[15] encapsulating with 42,452 dunams of land.[16] Of this, 5,747 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,909 used for cereal,[17] while 140 dunams were built-up land[18] in 1945.
Yarka contains the maqam ("saintly-person tomb") of Shaykh Ghana'im Abu Saraya,[19] a native of the town and one of the first missionary sheikhs to spread the Druze faith in Galilee during the 11th century.[20] [21] [22] He was the principle Druze sheikh in the Acre coastal area.[21] Druze tradition has it that Abu Saraya is buried underneath the floor of the shrine.[19]
The town is also the site of the al-Nabi Siddiq maqam. The Druze associate al-Nabi Siddiq with the biblical figure Hushai. According to this tradition, the name "Yarka" derives from "ha-Arki". The Druze prayer house "Khalwah ash-Sheikh Muhammad" is situated just east of Yarka. It was built sometime prior to 1931 by the religious sheikh Muhammad Mu'addi as a center for Druze religious studies.[23]
Yarka houses Kadmani Metal Works, Inc., now defunct.[24] My Baby, Israel's largest store for children's and baby's supplies, with 11,000 meters of retail space, is also stationed in Yarka. The store has an annual turnover of NIS 100 million ($27.1 million USD).[25]
. Victor Guérin. Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. 1880. L'Imprimerie Nationale. Paris. French.
. Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. S.. Hadawi. Sami Hadawi. 1970. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
. Edward Henry Palmer. 1881. The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
. Harold Rhode. 1979. Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century . Columbia University.
. Reinhold Röhricht. (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI). 1893. Libraria Academica Wageriana. Berlin. Latin.
de:Ernst Strehlke
. Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum. 1869. Weidmanns. Berlin.. William McClure Thomson. The Land and the Book: Or, Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery, of the Holy Land. 1. 1. Harper & brothers . New York. 1859. (p. 463)
