| Yin Jiao | |
| Native Name: | 殷峤 |
| Office: | County magistrate of Taigu (太谷县令) |
| Term Start: | ? |
| Term End: | ? |
| Office1: | County magistrate of Shi'ai (石爱县令) |
| Term Start1: | ? |
| Monarch1: | Emperor Yang of Sui |
| Office2: | Yuan (Assistant) in the Grand General Office (大将军府掾) |
| Monarch2: | Emperor Gaozu of Tang |
| Office3: | Staff in Weibei Circuit General Office (渭北道行军长史) |
| Monarch3: | Emperor Gaozu of Tang |
| Office4: | Vice General of Weibei Circuit (渭北道副大使) |
| Monarch4: | Emperor Gaozu of Tang |
| Office5: | Vice Minister in the Ministry of Personnel (吏部侍郎) |
| Monarch5: | Emperor Gaozu of Tang |
| Office6: | Minister in the Ministry of Personnel (吏部尚书) |
| Monarch6: | Emperor Gaozu of Tang |
| Birth Date: | Unknown[1] |
| Birth Place: | Huyi |
| Death Date: | 622 |
| Death Place: | Hebei |
| Father: | Yin Sengshou |
| Children: | None |
| Occupation: | General, Official |
| Blank1: | Courtesy name |
| Data1: | Kaishan (开山) |
| Blank2: | Title |
| Data2: | Duke of Xun (勋国公) |
| Blank3: | Posthumous name |
| Data3: | Jie (节) |
Yin Jiao, better known by his courtesy name Kaishan, titled Duke Jie of Xun, was a general and officer in Sui and Tang dynasties of China. Because of his remarkable contributions during the unification wars of Tang dynasty, Yin Kaishan was listed as one of 24 founding officials of the Tang dynasty honored on the Lingyan Pavilion.
Yin Kaishan became popular at a young age because of his outstanding skills in writing and calligraphy. He served as the county magistrate in Taigu and Shi'ai counties during the Sui dynasty.[2] When Li Yuan, the later Emperor Gaozu of Tang, rebelled against Sui dynasty in Jinyang in 617, Yin Kaishan joined the rebellion force. Li Yuan appointed him to be the assistant in the grand general's office. Soon after that, Yin Kaishan took part in the Battle of Huoyi, the key battle that secured Li Yuan's success in establishing the Tang dynasty.[3]
Yin Kaishan also took part in campaigns against Xue Ju, a warlord based in Jincheng, and Liu Wuzhou, a warlord based in northern Shanxi. During the battle against Xue Ju, Yin Kaishan was defeated because he underestimated the enemy and did not obey the order from Li Shimin, the chief general of Tang in this campaign. Yin was demoted after the battle due to his fault.[4] However, in the next battle against Xue Ju's son Xue Renguo, Yin Kaishan made major contributions, so he was promoted back to his old position after the war.[5] In the campaign against Liu Wuzhou, Yin Kaishan led a key force of Tang during the Battle of Meiliangchuan. Yin Kaishan assisted Qin Shubao in the battle and forced Yuchi Jingde, a top warrior serving for Liu Wuzhou, to surrender to Tang.
In 619, Yin Kaishan was appointed to be the minister in the Ministry of Personnel. Then, he joined the campaign led by Li Shimin against Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande, the two most powerful rivals of Tang dynasty at that time. After the Battle of Hulao, Tang dynasty captured both Wang and Dou. Yin Kaishan was given a title of Duke of Xun by Emperor Gaozu of Tang after the campaign to award his contributions.[6]
In 622, Yin Kaishan died on the way to Hebei to fight against the rebel Liu Heita.[7]
In folk stories, Yin Kaishan was regarded as one of the four guards (the other three being Liu Hongji, Duan Zhixuan and Ma Sanbao) to protect Li Shimin when he was the Prince of Qin. During the campaign against Goguryeo, Yin Kaishan and the other three guards were killed by Yeon Gaesomun in the battle at Fenghuang Mountain.
In the classic novel Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en, the monk Xuanzang was said to be the son of Yin Wenjiao, who was Yin Kaishan's daughter.
Yin Kaishan is a descendant of the Yin clan from Chen Prefecture, which was one of the powerful clans during the Southern dynasties.
Great-great-grandfather:
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Son: Yin Kaishan did not have any sons. However, his nephew Yin Yuan was considered as his son after the formal adoption to succeed his title of nobility.[13]
峤少以学行见称，尤工尺牍。仕隋太谷长，有治名。
渊使殷开山趣召后军。
从击薛举，为元帅府司马。时太宗有疾，委军于刘文静，诫之曰：“贼众远来，利在急战，难与争锋。且宜持久，待粮尽，然后可图。”峤退谓文静曰：“王体不安，虑公不济，故发此言。宜因机破贼，何乃以勍敌遗王也！”久之，言于文静曰：“王不豫，恐贼轻我，请耀武以威之。”遂陈兵于折墌，为举所乘，军乃大败。峤坐减死除名。
后从平薛仁杲，复其爵位。
武德二年，兼陕东道大行台兵部尚书，迁吏部尚书。从太宗讨平王世充，以功进爵郧国公。
复从征刘黑闼，道病卒。太宗亲临丧，哭之甚恸，赠陕东道大行台右仆射，谥曰节。
父高明，梁尚书兵部郎。
殷不害，字长卿，陈郡长平人也。祖任，齐豫章王行参军。父高明，梁尚书中兵郎。
殷峤，字开山，雍州鄠县人，陈司农卿不害孙也。其先本居陈郡，陈亡，徙关中。父僧首，隋秘书丞，有名于世。