Yerach ben yomo explained

Yerach ben yomo (Hebrew: יֶרַח בֶּן יוֹמוֹ, with variant English spellings, also known as Galgal), is a cantillation mark that appears only one time in the entire Torah (Numbers 35:5), and once in the Book of Esther. In these occurrences, it is followed immediately by a Karne parah, another mark that is found only once in the entire Torah.[1] The symbol for this trope is an upside-down Etnachta.[2]

The Hebrew words Hebrew: rtl=yes|יֵרֶח בֶּן יוֹמוֹ translate into English as day-old moon. Its alternate name Hebrew: rtl=yes|גלגל translates into English as wheel.

In the Torah

The rare trope sound in the Torah appears in Numbers 35:5 on the word alpayim (Hebrew: rtl=yes|אלפים, two-thousand), which is followed by an equally exclusive Karne Parah on the word b'amah (Hebrew: rtl=yes|באמה, cubit), in the first of four occurrences of this phrase in the verse. In each of the phrase's four appearances, a different set of trope. The Yerach ben yomo followed by the Karne Parah is found on the first of these four instances. On the other three, respectively, are a Kadma V'Azla, a Munach Rivi'i, and a Mercha Tipcha.[3]

This is representative of the way mitzvot are performed in real life. When one first performs a mitzvah, being a new experience, it is performed with great enthusiasm. The unusual trope signify the one-time occurrence of the mitzvah being a new experience. The second instance is on a Kadma-V'Azla, a note that is recited highly, showing that the high is still alive. The third is on a Munach-Rivi'i, a note that is going downward, showing that enthusiasm is going down. The fourth and final occurrence being on a Mercha-Tipcha, a common set that are recited in a lazy mode as if they are basically being recited without a melody, show the monotony of performing a mitzvah after performing it so many times.[3]

Altogether, this verse shows the importance of performing a mitzvah that must be performed regularly, despite its monotony. It is an encouragement to bring new light into each time one performs a mitzvah in order to renew the excitement, and even when one cannot do so, to perform the mitzvah regardless.[3]

In the Book of Esther

There is a lesser-known occurrence of the Yerach ben yomo in the Book of Esther, at Esther 7:9. This is found on Haman. In Orthodox Jewish tradition, the Book of Esther is read twice on Purim, and parsha of Masei which includes verse 35:5 is read only once per year, so the recitation of the Yerach ben yomo in Esther therefore is read more often.

Total occurrences

BookNumber of appearances
Torah1[4]
   Genesis0
   Exodus0
   Leviticus0
   Numbers1
   Deuteronomy0
Nevi'im6[5]
Ketuvim9

The yerach ben yomo + karne para phrase occurs a total of 16 times according to the Leningrad Codex. They are:[6]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia By Aaron ben Moses Ben-Asher, page 22
  2. Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 76
  3. Web site: Summer Issue - Kol Torah . www.koltorah.org . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100630070634/http://www.koltorah.org/volume-19/summer-issue . 2010-06-30.
  4. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 6
  5. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 5
  6. Weisberg, David. “The Rare Accents of the Twenty-One Books.” The Jewish Quarterly Review, vol. 56, no. 4, ser. 2, 1966, p. 321