Yellow-shouldered grosbeak explained

The yellow-shouldered grosbeak (Parkerthraustes humeralis) is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of its genus Parkerthraustes.It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Taxonomy

The yellow-shouldered grosbeak was formally described in 1867 by the American amateur ornithologist George Newbold Lawrence. He coined the Latin name Pytilus (Caryothrautes) humeralis.^[1] Following information from molecular genetics the species was moved from genus Caryothrautes^[2] to its own genus Parkerthraustes in 1997 by James Van Remsen Jr., to honour the late ornithologist Theodore A. Parker III.^{[3] [4]} The specific epithet humeralis is Late Latin, meaning "of the shoulders".^[5]

The yellow-shouldered grosbeak was traditionally considered a member of the cardinal family Cardinalidae.^[6] It was moved to the tanager family based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2007.^{[7] [8]} It is placed in the subfamily Orchesticinae with the brown tanager in its own genus Orchesticus.^[9] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.^[8]

Notes and References

1. Lawrence . George Newbold . George Newbold Lawrence . 1867 . Descriptions of new species of American Birds . Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York . 8 . 466–482 [467–468] . 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1867.tb00333.x .
2. https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/caryothraustes Caryothraustes combines 'karuon "nut" and thraustēs "breaker"
3. Book: Remsen, Jr.. J. V.. James Van Remsen, Jr. . 1997 . A new genus for the yellow-shouldered grosbeak . Ornithological Monographs . 48 . Studies in Neotropical Ornithology Honoring Ted Parker . 48. Washington, DC . The American Ornithologist's Union . 89–90 . 10.2307/40157528. 40157528 . https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/om/om048.pdf#page=103.
4. Bates . John M. . Schulenberg . Thomas S. . In Memoriam: Theodore A. Parker III, 1953–1993 . The Auk . 114 . 1 . 1997 . 110 . 10.2307/4089070. 4089070 .
5. Book: Jobling, James A. . 2010. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm . London . 978-1-4081-2501-4 . 196 .
6. Book: Paynter . Raymond A. Jr . 1970 . Check-List of Birds of the World . 13 . Museum of Comparative Zoology . Cambridge, Massachusetts . 226 .
7. Klicka . J. . Burns . K. . Spellman . G. M. . December 2007 . Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 45 . 3 . 1014–1032 . 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006 . 17920298 . 2007MolPE..45.1014K .
8. Web site: Gill . Frank . Frank Gill (ornithologist) . Donsker . David . Rasmussen . Pamela . Pamela Rasmussen . July 2020 . Tanagers and allies . IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 . International Ornithologists' Union . 22 November 2020 .
9. Burns . K.J. . Shultz . A.J. . Title . P.O. . Mason . N.A. . Barker . F.K. . Klicka . J. . Lanyon . S.M. . Lovette . I.J. . 2014 . Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75. 41–77 . 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006 . 24583021 . 2014MolPE..75...41B .