Yelizaveta Aleksandrovna Yermolayeva (Russian: Елизавета Александровна Ермолаева; born 2 April 1930) is a former Soviet middle-distance runner.
Yermolayeva won the 800 metres at the 1957 World University Games in Paris, her first international success.[1] She also won at the 1958 European Championships in Stockholm, beating Great Britain's Diane Leather in the championship record time of 2:06.3;[1] [2] Czechoslovakian sports statistician Jan Popper ranked her the world's best at the distance that year.[3] Yermolayeva was one of the favorites for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, but was unable to compete due to injuries.[1]