Yami | |
Nativename: | ciciring no Tao |
States: | Taiwan |
Ethnicity: | Tao |
Speakers: | about 4000 |
Date: | 2012 |
Familycolor: | Austronesian |
Fam2: | Malayo-Polynesian |
Fam3: | Philippine |
Fam4: | Batanic |
Fam5: | Yami–Itbayat |
Iso3: | tao |
Glotto: | yami1254 |
Glottorefname: | Yami |
Lingua: | 31-CAA-a |
Pushpin Map: | Taiwan#Southeast Asia |
Pushpin Map Caption: | Orchid Island in Taiwan |
Coordinates: | 22.05°N 153°W |
Map2: | Lang Status 80-VU.svg |
Yami language, also known as Tao language, is a Malayo-Polynesian and Philippine language spoken by the Tao people of Orchid Island, 46 kilometers southeast of Taiwan. It is a member of the Ivatan dialect continuum.
Yami is known as 'human speech' by its native speakers. Native speakers prefer the 'Tao' name.
Yami is the only native language of Taiwanese indigenous peoples that is not a member of the Formosan grouping of Austronesian; it is one of the Batanic languages also found in Batanes province of northern Philippines, and as such is part of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian.
Yami has 20 consonants and 4 vowels:
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | pronounced as /link/ | |||
Mid | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
Open | pronounced as /link/ |
Iraralay Yami, spoken on the north coast, distinguishes between geminative consonants (e.g., 'thigh' vs. 'hen' form one such minimal pair).
Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||
Trill | pronounced as /link/ |
The following set of pronouns is found in the Yami language.
Nominative | Genitive | Locative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
free | bound | free | bound | |||
1st person singular | ||||||
2nd person singular | ||||||
3rd person singular | ||||||
1st person plural inclusive | ,, | |||||
1st person plural exclusive | ||||||
2nd person plural | , | |||||
3rd person plural |
The following list are verbal inflections found in Yami.
The following is a list of affixes found in Yami.
English | Yami | Tagalog/Ilokano/Visayan, etc. | |
---|---|---|---|
Person | (Tagalog), (Cebuano Vis., Bicol) | ||
Mother | (Tagalog)[1] | ||
Father | (Tagalog), (Ilokano)[2] | ||
Head | (Tagalog), (Cebuano), (Ilokano)[3] | ||
Yes | oho (Pandan Bikol, Bikol Sentral) | ||
Friend | kaibigan (Tagalog) | ||
who | , (Hiligaynon Vis.), (Waray Vis.) | ||
they | (Tagalog), (Waray Vis.) | ||
their | nila (Tagalog) | ||
offspring | (Cebuano Vis.), (Hiligaynon Vis.), (Ilokano), (Tagalog) | ||
I (pronoun) | , (Ilokano) | ||
you | , (Ilokano) | ||
day | , (Ilokano), (Cebuano Vis.) | ||
eat | , (Ilokano), kaon (all Visayan) | ||
drink | , (Ilokano) | ||
speech | chirichirin (Itbayaten Ivatan), (Hiligaynon Vis., 'say'), (Waray Vis., 'say') | ||
and | saka (Bikol Sentral, Calabanga variant) (historically "saka asin") | ||
ouch | , (Cebuano Vis.), (Ilokano) | ||
home | , (Ilokano, Cebuano Vis.) | ||
piglet | (Tagalog) | ||
goat | , (Cebuano Vis.), (Ilokano) | ||
stone | (Tagalog, all Visayan, etc.) | ||
town | (Ilokano) | ||
one | (Tagalog, Hiligaynon Vis.), (Ilokano), (Cebuano Vis.) | ||
two | (Tagalog), (Cebuano), (Ilokano) | ||
three | , (Cebuano Vis.), (Ilokano) | ||
four | (Tagalog, Hiligaynon Vis.), (Cebuano Vis.), (Ilokano) | ||
five | (Cebuano Vis.), (Hiligaynon Vis.), (Ilokano), (Tagalog)[4] | ||
six | (Tagalog), (Ilokano), (Cebuano Vis.), (Hiligaynon Vis.) | ||
seven | pito (Tagalog/Ilokano/Visayan) | ||
eight | walo (Tagalog/Ilokano/Visayan) | ||
nine | , (Ilokano) | ||
ten | (Tagalog), (Ilokano), napulo (all Visayan) |
English | Yami | Japanese | |
---|---|---|---|
Airplane | (飛行機) | ||
Alcohol | (酒) | ||
Battleship | (軍艦) | ||
Bible | (聖書) | ||
Christ | (キリスト) | ||
Doctor | (お医者さん) | ||
Flashlight | (電気) | ||
Holy Spirit | (聖霊) | ||
Key | (鍵) | ||
Medicine | (薬) | ||
Monkey | (猿) | ||
Motorcycle | (オートバイ; 'auto bike') | ||
Police | (警察) | ||
School | (学校) | ||
School bag | (鞄) | ||
Teacher | (先生) | ||
Ticket | (切符) | ||
Truck | (トラック; 'truck') |