The Yakima practical alphabet is an orthography used to write Sahaptin languages of the Pacific Northwest of North America.
The Yakima practical alphabet is based on the Americanist phonetic notation as well as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
The Yakima practical alphabet is currently used in research, language teaching, and language revitalization efforts. According to Jansen (2010),[1] Sahaptian languages
Yakima practical alphabet | Warm Springs alphabet | CTUIR technical alphabet | Melville Jacob's technical alphabet | |
---|---|---|---|---|
a | a | a | a | a |
aː | aa | aa | aa | a⋅, ω⋅ |
t͡ʃ | ch | č, ch | č | tc |
t͡ʃʼ | chʼ | čʼ, chʼ | č̓ | tʼc |
h | h | h | h | h |
i | i | i | i | i |
iː | ii | ii | ii | i⋅, ei, ɛ⋅ |
ə | ɨ | omitted | ɨ | ə |
k | k | k | k | k, ɢ |
kʼ | kʼ | kʼ | ḱ | kʼ |
kʷ | kw | kw | kʷ | kw, ɢw |
kʼʷ | kwʼ | kwʼ | k̓ʷ | kʼw |
q | ḵ | q | q | q |
qʼ | ḵʼ | qʼ | q̓ | qʼ |
qʷ | ḵw | qw | qʷ | qw |
qʼʷ | ḵwʼ | qwʼ | q̓ʷ | qʼw |
l | l | l | l | l |
ɬ | ɬ | l̴ | l̴ | l̴ |
m | m | m | m | m |
n | n | n | n | n |
p | p | p | p | p, b |
pʼ | pʼ | pʼ | p̓ | pʼ |
s | s | s | s | s |
ʃ | sh | š, sh | š | c |
t | t | t | t | t, d |
tʼ | tʼ | tʼ | t̓ | tʼ, t́θ |
t͡ɬ | tl̴ | tl̴ | ƛ | tl̴ |
t͡ɬʼ | tl̴ʼ | tl̴ʼ | ƛ̓ | t́ɫ |
t͡s | ts | c | c | ts |
t͡sʼ | tsʼ | cʼ | c̓ | t́s |
u | u | u | u | u |
uː | uu | uu | uu | u⋅, ω⋅ |
w | w | w | w | w |
x | x | x̂ | x | x |
χ | x̱ | x | χ | x̣ |
xʷ | xw | x̂w | χʷ | xw |
χʷ | x̱w | xw | χʷ | x̣w, xᶸ |
j | y | y | y | y |
ʔ | ʼ | ʼ | ʔ | ʼ |