Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia explained

The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia.

ST means Sino-Tibetan languages.

Main table

Population	Language	n				K^[1]							Others	Source
Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	40	5.0	0		2.5			≥10.0	82.5		0		Shi 2005 Yang 2005
Aeta (Philippines)	Austronesian	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	28	0	NO=12, S=60	Karafet 2015^[2]
Aini (Xishuangbanna)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	52	11.5	0				3.8	O2a= 7.7	40.4		0	K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P) =34.6, F(xK)=1.9	Wen 2004^[3]
Ainu	Ainu	16	12.5	87.5		0	0	0	0	0		0		Tajima 2004^[4]
Andamanese	Andamanese	37	0	73.0		5.4	0	0	2.7	5.4	10.8	0		Thangaraj 2002^[5]
Balinese (Indonesia)	Austronesian	551	1.8	0		1.1	0	18.1	58.8	6.9		0.4	H=3.4	Karafet 2005^[6]
Borneo (Indonesia)	Austronesian	86	22.1	0	2.3	0	0	9.3	20.9	36.0	0	0	H=1.2, R=2.3, S=5.8	Karafet 2010^[7]
Chin (Chin State)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	19							42.1	52.6				Peng 2014^[8]
South China	ST, HM	384	9.6	2.1		0.5	4.4	6.8	17.4	57.8		0.3		Karafet 2005
Daur	Altaic (Mongolic)	39	30.8	0		0	≥7.7	≥5.1	20.5	25.6		0	K2a(xN1,O)=2.6 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6	Xue 2006
Deng (Zayü County)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	109	1.1	2.2			1.1			94.4				Kang 2012
East Asia	East Asian languages	988	19.9	4.8		1.9	6.4	5.4	16.3	33.7			R1a=2.8	Xue 2006^[9]
Filipino	Austronesian	50	0	0		10	0	46		38				Tajima 2004
Filipino	Austronesian	115	5			20		28	3	39			S=2	Scheinfeldt 2006^[10]
Garo	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	71	8.5	0					≥11.3	59.2	7.0		H1a=1.4, F(xH,J2,K)=4.2 O(xO2a,O3)=4.2 K(xL,O,P)=4.2	Reddy 2007^[11]
Han (China)	ST (Sinitic)	166	6.0	0.6		1.2	9.0	9.6	16.3	55.4		0.6		Karafet 2005
Han (Chengdu, Sichuan)	ST (Sinitic)	34	11.8	0		0	2.9	14.7	17.6	52.9		0		Xue 2006
Han (Meixian, Guangdong)	ST (Sinitic)	35	8.6	0		2.9	2.9	20.0	14.3	51.4		0		Xue 2006
Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang)	ST (Sinitic)	35	14.3	0		0	5.7	2.9	8.6	65.7		0	J=2.9	Xue 2006
Han (Lanzhou, Gansu)	ST (Sinitic)	30	20.0	6.7		0	6.7	6.7	3.3	36.7		0	J=10.0 R1a1=6.7 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3	Xue 2006
Han (Xi'an)	ST (Sinitic)	34	23.53	8.82			5.88	8.82	8.82	38.24		2.94	R=2.94	Kim 2011^[12]
Han (Yili, Xinjiang)	ST (Sinitic)	32	6.3	3.1		9.4	0	9.4	12.5	46.9			R1a1=6.3 P(xR1a1)=3.1 Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9	Xue 2006
Han (Taiwan)	ST (Sinitic)	183	6.3	0.3				22.4	8.5	58.2		1.1		Tsai 2001^[13]
Hani (China)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	34	17.6	0		0	11.8	0	50.0	17.6		0	Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9	Xue 2006
Hezhe (China)	Altaic (Tungusic)	45	28.9	0		0	17.8	0	6.7	44.4		0	K2a(xN1,O)=2.2	Xue 2006
Hmong–Mien (China)	Hmong–Mien	169	8.9	3.6		0	1.2	3.6	22.5	61.5		0		Karafet 2005
Hui (Ningxia, China)	Sino-Tibetan	54					1.9						R1b = 3.7; R1a = 11.1; J = 9.3; L = 1.9	Karafet 2001^[14]
Northeast India	Tibeto-Burman	173	0.6	1.2		1.7	0			86.7		0	H=2.9	Cordaux 2004^[15]
East Indonesia	Austronesian, Papuan	344	61.9	0		10.5		2.6		7.3			S=11,M=4	Mona 2009^[16]
Japan	Japanese	259	8.5	34.8	0	0	1.6	0	31.6	20.1	0	0.4	NO=2.3, I=0.4, R=0.4	Hammer 2005
Japan	Japanese	263	5.3	39.2		0	0.8	3.4	34.2	16.7		0.4	0	Nonaka 2007^[17]
Japan		2390	C1=4.7 C2=6.1	32.2	0.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	33.1	19.7	0	0	0	Sato 2014^[18]
Japan (Kyushu)	Japanese	53	7.5	25.7	0	0	3.8	0	35.8	26.4	0	0	0	Hammer 2005
Japan (Tokushima)	Japanese	70	12.8	25.7	0	0	7.1	0	32.9	21.4	0	0	0	Hammer 2005
Japan (Tokyo)	Japanese	56		36.0				3.2	18.0					Poznik et al. (2016)^[19]
Japan (Kantō)	Japanese	137	3.6	48.2	0	0	2.2	3.07	14.5	0.7				Nonaka 2007
Western Japan	Japanese	97	7.2	26.8				4.1	37.1	23.9		0		Nonaka 2007
Java	Austronesian	53	1.9	0		1.9	0	22.6	41.5	22.6			R1=3.8	Kayser 2002^[20]
Khalkh	Altaic (Mongolic)	85	56.5	3.5	2.4^[21]			0	0	18.8			J=2.4, N1c=4.7 P(xR1a1)=4.7 R1a1=3.5 K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5	Katoh 2004^[22]
Korea	Korean	317	9.1	0				4.1	30.3	44.5		0.6		Shin 2001^[23]
Korea	Korean	110	15.5	0			5.5	2.7	28.2	45.5			K(xNO)=1.8	Kim 2007^[24]
Koreans (China)	Korean	25	12.0	0		4.0	4.0	0	32.0	40.0		0	BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0	Xue 2006
Koreans (Korea)	Korean	43	16.3	2.3		2.3		0	30.2	39.5			P(xR1a1)=2.3 J=2.3	Xue 2006
Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi)	Korean	110	13.6	0.9			1.8	0.9	28.2	50.9		2.7	L=0.9	Kim 2011
Koreans (Gangwon)	Korean	63	12.7				6.4	1.6	39.7	38.1		1.6		Kim 2011
Koreans (Chungcheong)	Korean	72	11.1	1.4			4.2	1.4	30.6	50		1.4		Kim 2011
Koreans (Jeolla)	Korean	90	13.3	3.3			4.4	1.1	33.3	43.3			L=1.1	Kim 2011
Koreans (Gyeongsang)	Korean	84	16.7	2.4			4.8	2.4	33.3	36.9		1.2	L=1.2 R=1.2	Kim 2011
Koreans (Jeju)	Korean	87	8.1	1.2			6.9	5.8	32.2	43.7		1.2	R=1.2	Kim 2011
South Korea	Korean	506	12.6	1.6		0	4.5	1.8	32.4	44.3		1.4	L=0.6, R=0.4	Kim 2011
South Korea	Korean	706	12.9	2.5		0	3.8	3.1	33.4	42.1		1.8	R=0.1, J1=0.1	Park 2012^[25]
Lhoba (Mainling County)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	61	0	20.8		0	34.6			33.8		0.8	J=0.8, R=7.7 O(xO3)=1.5	Kang 2012^[26]
Island South East Asia	Austronesian	312	15.7			24.4		23.7	14.1	18.6			M1=5.4	Capelli 2001^[27]
Island South East Asia	Austronesian, Papuan	272	9.9			8.8		20.2	18.7	22.1			S=4, M=3	Kayser 2006^[28]
Malaysia	Austronesian	50	6		6	8	0	8	32	30			M=2	Scheinfeldt 2006
Manchu	Sinitic, Tungusic	101	16.8			2.0		3.0	33.7	42.6			O*(xO1,O2b,O3) =1.0, P*(xR1a)=1.0	Katoh 2004
Manchu	Sinitic, Tungusic	35	25.7	2.9		2.9	14.3	2.9	14.3	37.1		0		Xue 2006
Mongolia	Mongolic	149					8.1						G=0.7; J=2.7	Hammer 2005^[29]
Mongolia	Mongolic	65	53.0	1.5		1.5	10.6	0	1.5	10.6		4.5	R1=9.1	Xue 2006
Inner Mongolia	Mongolic, Sinitic	45	46.7	0		4.4	13.3	0	2.2	28.9		0		Xue 2006
Naga (Myanmar)	Tibeto-Burman	15								100				Peng 2014
Negritos (Philippines)	Austronesian	64	10.8			50.8				13.8	4.6		O(xM122)=18.5, others=1.5	Heyer 2013^[30]
Oroqen	Tungusic	31	61.3	0		3.2	6.5		6.5	19.4		0	O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2	Xue 2006
Qiang	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	33	0	18.2		0	0	15.2	15.2	36.4			BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1 P(xR1a1)=6.1	Xue 2006
Sibe	Tungusic	41	26.8	2.4		4.9	17.1	7.3	2.4	26.8			J=7.3 P(xR1a1)=2.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4	Xue 2006
Sulawesi	Austronesian	54	22.2	0	5.6	7.4	0	21.4	13.0	16.7	0	0	R=3.7, M=3.7, S=5.6	Karafet 2010
Sumatra	Austronesian	57	5.3	1.8	0.2	3.5	0	17.5	14	29.8			S=3	Kayser 2006
Taiwanese aborigines	Austronesian	246	0.4	0		0	0	66.3	10.6	11.0				Capelli 2001
Thai	Tai–Kadai	34	2.9	2.9		0	0	8.8		35.3			O(xO1,O3)=44.1	Tajima 2004
Tibet	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	156	2.6	51.6		0	4.5	0	0	33.9		3.2	H=1.9, R1a=1.9	Gayden 2007^[31]
Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	46	8.7	41.3	4.3	0	0	0	2.2	39.1	4.3			Wen 2004
Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	50	4.0	36.0		12.0		0	4.0	44.0		0		Wen 2004^[32]
Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	92	14.1	22.8	14.1	21.7		1.1		19.6	6.5			Wen 2004
Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	39	2.6	48.7	5.1^[33]			7.7	0	10.3			J=5.1, R1a1=2.6 P(xR1a1)=2.6	Zhou 2008^[34]
Tibetans	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	35	0	42.9		0	8.6	0	0	40.0		0	R1a1=8.6	Xue 2006
Tibeto-Burman	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	964	8.4	18.5	5.4	17.7		3.1	6.3	38.7				Wen 2004
Tujia (Hunan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	155	15.5	1.3		12.9		9.7	3.9	53.5	1.9			Wen 2004
Uyghur	Altaic (Turkic)	70	7.1	1.4		7.1	8.6	1.4	0	11.4			others=63	Xue 2006
Vietnamese	Austroasiatic	70	4.3	2.9		0	2.9	5.7	32.9	40.0		7.1	J=2.9	Karafet 2005
Yao (Bama, Guangxi)	Hmong–Mien	35	17.1	2.9		0		2.9	40.0	34.3		0	K2a(xN1,O)=2.9	Xue 2006
Yao (Liannan, Guangdong)	Hmong–Mien	35	2.9	0		0	0	5.7	8.6	82.9		0		Xue 2006
Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan)	ST (Tibeto-Burman)	125	5.6	0.8	18	28.0		0.8	7.2	28.8				Wen 2004
Zakhchin	Altaic (Mongolic)	60	46.7	3.3	1.7^[35]		N1c= 3.3	0	O2b= 3.3	8.3			R1a1=13.3 O(xO1a,O2b,O3) =8.3, J=1.7 P(xR1a1)=5.0 K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0	Katoh 2004
Zhuang (Yongbei)	Tai–Kadai	23	8.7	4.35		4.35		17.39	30.44	17.4			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=21.704	Chen 2006^[36]
Zhuang (Youjiang)	Tai–Kadai	5		40					20	20			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=20	Chen 2006
Zhuang (Tianlin)	Tai–Kadai	22						4.55	72.73	9.1			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.64	Chen 2006
Bouyei (Guibian)	Tai–Kadai	4				25		25		25			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=25	Chen 2006
Zhuang (Hongshuihe)	Tai–Kadai	39	2.56	5.13		5.13		10.26	12.82	41.02			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=23.08	Chen 2006
Zhuang (Guibei)	Tai–Kadai	21	4.76	4.76		4.76		4.76	9.52	28.58			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=38.1	Chen 2006
Zhuang (Yongnan)	Tai–Kadai	19				5.26		10.53	21.06	42.1			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=15.79	Chen 2006
Tay (Zuojiang)	Tai–Kadai	15		6.67					40	20			O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=33.33	Chen 2006
Zhuang (Shangsi)	Tai–Kadai	15						20	66.67				O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.33	Chen 2006
Nung (Dejing)	Tai–Kadai	3											O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=100	Chen 2006

Austronesian and Tai-Kadai

The following is a table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Austro-Tai peoples (i.e., Tai-Kadai peoples and Austronesian peoples).^[37]

Ethnolinguistic group	Language branch	n		D (xD1)	D1			K^[38]	O (xO1a, O1b1a1a,O2)	O1a(xO1a2)	O1a2 (M110/M50)	O1b1a1a (xO1b1a1a1a1a)	O1b1a1a1a1a (M111/M88)	O2 (xO2a1a1a1a1, O2a2a1a2, O2a2b1a1)	O2a1a1a1a1 (M121)	O2a2a1a2 (M7)	O2a2b1 (xO2a2b1a1)	O2a2b1a1 (M117)	P (inc. Q & R)
Bolyu	Austroasiatic (Pakanic)	30		3.3				3.3	10.0	10.0	3.3	23.3		30.0			6.7	10.0
Buyang (Yerong)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	16										62.5	6.3	18.8			12.5
Qau (Bijie)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	13		15.4				7.7	23.1			15.4		30.8				7.7
Blue Gelao (Longlin)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	30						3.3	13.3	60.0		16.7		3.3			3.3
Lachi	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	30	3.3		3.3	13.3		13.3	16.7	6.7		10.0		3.3			6.7	23.3
Mulao (Majiang)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	30	10.0					3.3	13.3	3.3	3.3	63.3		3.3
Red Gelao (Dafang)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	31	3.2					6.5	22.6	22.6		16.1		12.9				16.1
White Gelao (Malipo)	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	14							35.7	14.3		42.9					7.1
Hlai (Qi, Tongza)	Tai-Kadai (Hlai)	34							35.3	32.4		29.4						2.9
Jiamao	Tai-Kadai (Hlai)	27							25.9	51.9		22.2
Paha	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	32		3.1		6.3		6.3	9.4	3.1		71.9
Cun	Tai-Kadai (Hlai)	31	3.2					6.5	9.7	38.7				38.7				3.2
Qabiao	Tai-Kadai (Kra)	25							32.0	4.0		60.0					4.0
Caolan	Tai-Kadai (Central Tai)	30	10.0					10.0	53.3	3.3		20.0					3.3
Zhuang, Northern (Wuming)	Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai)	22							13.6		4.6	72.7			4.6			4.6
Zhuang, Southern (Chongzuo)	Tai-Kadai (Central Tai)	15							13.3	20.0		60.0	6.7
Lingao	Tai-Kadai (Be)	30						3.3	16.7	26.7		13.3		3.3			10.0	26.7
E	Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai)	31	3.2			3.2		9.7	16.1	6.5		54.8		3.2			3.2
Lakkia	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	23	4.4	52.2				4.4				8.7		26.1		4.4
Kam (Sanjiang)	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	38	21.1					5.3	10.5			39.5		10.5			2.6	10.5
Sui (Rongshui)	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	50				8.0		10.0		18.0		44.0					20.0
Mak & Ai-Cham	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	40						2.5				87.5		5.0			2.5		2.5
Mulam	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	40	2.5		12.5	7.5		5.0		5.0	25.0	30.0		7.5			5.0
Maonan	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	32	9.4			9.4		15.6				56.3		9.4
Biao	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	34	2.9						5.9	14.7		17.7		52.9					5.9
Then	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	30		3.3					3.3	33.3		50.0						6.7	3.3
Tanka (Lingshui)	Sinitic	40	20.0	5.0		2.5		7.5	17.5	7.5	5.0	17.5					2.5	15.0
Cao Miao	Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui)	33						8.2		10.0		3.0		66.7			12.1
Amis	Austronesian (Formosan)	28							7.1	42.8	17.8	7.1		21.4			3.6
Pazeh	Austronesian (Formosan)	21						14.3		38.1	19.1	14.3		14.3
Siraya (Makatao)	Austronesian (Formosan)	37	2.7					2.7	5.4	70.3		5.4					13.5
Thao	Austronesian (Formosan)	22						4.6		81.8	4.6			9.1
Paiwan	Austronesian (Formosan)	22								63.6	27.3						9.1
Atayal	Austronesian (Formosan)	22								95.5				4.5
Rukai	Austronesian (Formosan)	11								81.8	18.2
Puyuma	Austronesian (Formosan)	11								72.7	9.1			9.1					9.1
Tsou	Austronesian (Formosan)	18								88.9	5.6			5.6
Bunun	Austronesian (Formosan)	17						5.9		17.6	58.8		17.6
Saisiyat	Austronesian (Formosan)	11								45.5	9.1	9.1	9.1	27.3
Batak	Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands)	13						11.6	19.3	23.1		15.4		23.1					7.7
Bangka	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	13	7.7					7.7		30.8		23.1		23.1		7.7
Malay (Riau)	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	13				7.7		7.7	7.7	38.5		7.7		23.1					7.7
Minangkabau	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	15				6.7		20.0	20.0			13.3		20.0					20.0
Palembang	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	11	9.1							63.6		18.2		9.1
Nias	Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands)	12											8.3	91.7
Dayak (Kalimantan Tengah)	Austronesian (Bornean)	15				6.7		26.7		20.0	20.0	6.7	6.7	13.3
Banjar	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	15	13.3			6.7				26.7		26.7		26.7
Javanese	Austronesian (Javanese)	15						26.7	26.7	20.0		13.3		13.3
Tengger	Austronesian (Javanese)	12	16.7					8.3		33.3		33.3				8.3
Balinese	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	14						28.6	14.3	7.1		28.6		14.3		7.1
Bugis	Austronesian (South Sulawesi)	15				13.3		20.0		33.3				26.7				6.7
Torajan	Austronesian (South Sulawesi)	15				13.3		13.3	13.3	13.3	6.7	33.3				6.7
Minahasa	Austronesian (Philippine)	14					7.1	50.0		21.4		7.1		14.3
Makassar	Austronesian (South Sulawesi)	13	23.1							30.8	15.4	7.7		23.1
Kaili	Austronesian (Celebic)	15	6.7					33.3		20.0		6.7		26.7					6.7
Sasak	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	15	13.3					13.3	26.7	6.7		20.0		20.0
Sumbawa	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	18						16.7						83.3
Sumba	Austronesian (CEMP)	14				14.3		78.6						7.1
Alor	Trans–New Guinea	13	38.5					30.7						23.1					7.7
Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay)	Austronesian (CEMP)	11	45.5				36.4	18.2
Cham (Binh Dinh)	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	11							9.1	90.9
Utsuls	Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan)	31	12.9						16.1	58.1		3.2					6.5	3.2

Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan

The following table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples of western and southwestern China is from Wen, et al. (2004).

Population	n	C-M130	D	D1-M15	F(xK)	K(xO,P1)	O2 (M122)	O2a2b1 (M134)	O1a (M119)	O1b1a1a (M95)	P1 (M45)
Tibetan (Qinghai)	92	14.13	20.65	2.17	14.13	21.74	5.43	14.13	1.09		6.52
Tibetan (Tibet 1)	75	2.67	33.33	16	2.67	5.33	1.33	32			6.67
Tibetan (Tibet 2)	46	8.7	23.91	17.39	4.35		4.35	34.78		2.17	4.35
Tibetan (Diqing)	27		44.44		3.7	14.81	7.41	29.63
Tibetan (Zhongdian)	49	2.04	28.57	8.16	2.04	10.2	10.2	34.69		4.08
Bai (Dali)	61	8.2	1.64	4.92		18.03	16.39	34.43	4.92	11.48
Lisu (Fugong)	49				2.04	22.45	4.08	61.22		8.16	2.04
Nakhi	40	2.5	37.5			7.5		2.5		5
Nu	28		3.57			3.57	14.29	71.43		7.14
Pumi	47	6.38	70.21	2.13		6.38	2.13	6.38	4.26		2.13
Yi (Liangshan)	14			14.29		42.86	21.43	7.14		14.29
Yi (Shuangbai)	50	8	2	1	38	16	1	1	2	4
Yi (Butuo)	43	2.33		16.28	4.65	34.88	4.65	27.91		9.3
Aini (Xishuangbanna)	52	11.54			1.92	34.62	26.92	13.46	3.85	7.69
Bai (Xishuangbanna)	20	2				3	25	15	1
Hani (Xishuangbanna)	34	11.76				35.29	32.35	14.71	2.94	2.94
Jino	36	13.89			5.56	36.11	19.44	19.44		5.56
Lahu (Simao)	13	15.38			30.77	15.38	15.38	15.38		7.69
Lahu (Xishuangbanna)	15				6.67	2	33.33	6.67	2	13.33
Yi (Xishuangbanna)	18	11.11			5.56	33.33	27.78	16.67		5.56
Tujia (western Hunan)	68	14.71			2.94	10.29	29.41	26.47	7.35	8.82
Tujia (Yongshun)	38	5.26		2.63		23.68	39.47	10.53	15.79		2.63
Tujia (Jishou)	49	24.49		2.04		8.16	30.61	22.45	8.16		4.08

See also

• Y-DNA haplogroups by group
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
• Far East
  • East Asian languages
  • Classification schemes for Southeast Asian languages
  • Ethnic groups in Asia
  • Ethnic groups of Southeast Asia

Notes

1. Most likely K2a(xNO), L, M, N, Q, R, S and/or T
2. Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
3. Bo Wen 2004, Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans
4. Atsushi Tajima. March 2, 2004. Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages. Journal of Human Genetics. 49. 4. 187–193. 110247689. 14997363. 10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. etal. free.
5. Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population
6. Tatiana M. Karafet 2005, Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders
7. Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, Michael F. Hammer, Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1833–1844, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq063
8. Peng Min-Sheng, et al. (2014) Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data. European Journal of Human Genetics volume 22, pages 1046–1050 (2014). doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272
9. Yali Xue et al 2006, Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times
10. Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641
11. B. Mohan Reddy 2007, Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia
12. Soon-Hee Kim 2011, High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea
13. Li-Chin Tsai 2001, Haplotype frequencies of nine Y-chromosome STR loci in the Taiwanese Han population
14. Karafet . Tatiana . Xu . Liping . Du . Ruofu. Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes . American Journal of Human Genetics . 69 . 615–628. 615–28 . etal. 10.1086/323299 . 11481588 . 1235490 . September 2001.
15. Cordaux, Richard et al 2004, The Northeast Indian Passageway: A Barrier or Corridor for Human Migrations?
16. Mona, Stefano et al 2009, Genetic Admixture History of Eastern Indonesia as Revealed by Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
17. I. Nonaka et al 2007, Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms
18. Youichi Sato et al. 2014, Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males J-STAGEトップ/Anthropological Science/122 巻 (2014) 3 号/書誌/全文 The Anthropological Society of Nippon
19. Poznik . G. David . Xue . Yali . Mendez . Fernando L. . etal . 2016 . ", "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences . Nature Genetics . 48. 6. 593–599. 10.1038/ng.3559 . 27111036 . 4884158.
20. Manfred Kayser et al 2002-2003, Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea
21. F(xJ,K): may include G, H or I.
22. Toru Katoh 2004, Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed byY-chromosomal analysis
23. Dong-Jik Shin et al 2001, Y-Chromosome multiplexes and their potential for the DNA profiling of Koreans
24. Wook Kim 2007, Lack of Association between Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population
25. Myung Jin Park, Hwan Young Lee, Woo Ick Yang, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses." International Journal of Legal Medicine July 2012, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp 589–599. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9
26. Kang Longli, Lu Y, Wang C, Hu K, Chen F, Liu K, Li S, Jin L, Li H; Genographic Consortium (2012). Y-chromosome O3 haplogroup diversity in Sino-Tibetan populations reveals two migration routes into the eastern Himalayas. Annals of Human Genetics (2012) 76,92–99.
27. Cristian Capelli et al 2001, A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
28. Manfred Kayser et al 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific
29. Michael F. Hammer, Tatiana M. Karafet, Hwayong Park, Keiichi Omoto, Shinji Harihara, Mark Stoneking and Satoshi Horai, "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," Journal of Human Genetics Volume 51, Number 1 / January, 2006.
30. Heyer E, Georges M, Pachner M, Endicott P. Genetic diversity of four Filipino negrito populations from Luzon: comparison of male and female effective population sizes and differential integration of immigrants into Aeta and Agta communities. Hum Biol. 2013 Feb-Jun;85(1-3):189-208. doi: 10.3378/027.085.0310. PMID 24297226.
31. Tenzin Gayden et al 2007, The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow
32. Bo Wen, Hong Shi, Ling Ren et al., "The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation," Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences 2004 Vol.47 No.1 1-10
33. F(xJ,K); may include G, H, or I.
34. Ruixia Zhou 2008, Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape
35. F(xJ,K): may include G, H, I.
36. Chen, Jing, et al. (2006). "Y-chromosome Genotyping and Genetic Structure of Zhuang Populations." Acta Genetica Sinica, December 2006, 33 (12): 1060-1072
37. Li, Hui, et al. (2008). "Paternal genetic affinity between western Austronesians and Daic populations." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:146.
38. Most likely K2a(xN,O), K2b (which includes M, P, Q, R & S) and/or LT

External links

• Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation