Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group explained
The various ethnolinguistic groups found in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and/or South Asia demonstrate differing rates of particular Y-DNA haplogroups.
In the table below, the first two columns identify ethnolinguistic groups. Subsequent columns represent the sample size (n) of the study or studies cited, and the percentage of each haplogroup found in that particular sample.
(Data from studies conducted before 2004 may be inaccurate or a broad estimate, due to obsolete haplogroup naming systems – e.g. the former Haplogroup 2 included members of the relatively unrelated haplogroups known later as Haplogroup G and macrohaplogroup IJ [which comprises haplogroups I and J].)
| Population | Language family[1] | n[2] | R1b[3] | n | R1a | n | I | n | E1b1b | n | E1b1a | n | J | n | G | n | N | n | T | n | L | n | H |
|---|
| Albanians | IE (Albanian) | | | | | 106 |
25/106 | 44 |
11/44 | | | 56 |
13/56
| | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Albanians | IE (Albanian) | 51 | | 51 |
5/51 | 51 | | 51 | | | | 51 |
12/51 | 51 |
1/51 | 51 | | 51 | | 51 | | | |
|---|
| Kosovo Albanians (Pristina) | IE (Albanian) | 114 |
24/114 | 114 |
5/114 | 114 |
9/114 | 114 |
54/114 | | | 114 |
19/114 | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Albanians (Tirana) | IE (Albanian) | 30 | [4] | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 |
6/30 | 30 |
1/30 | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Albanians | IE (Albanian) | 55 |
10/55 | 55 |
5/55 | 55 |
12/55 | 55 |
14/55 | 55 | | 55 |
13/55 | 55 |
1/55 | 55 | | 55 | | 55 | | | |
|---|
| Albanians (North Macedonia) | IE (Albanian) | 64 |
12/64 | 64 |
1/64 | 64 |
11/64 | 64 |
25/64 | 64 | | 64 |
14/64 | 64 |
1/64 | 64 | | 64 | | 64 | | | |
|---|
| Albanians + Albanians (North Macedonia) | IE (Albanian) | 55+
64
119 |
22/119 | 55+
64
119 |
6/119 | 55+
64
119 |
23/119 | 55+
64
119 |
39/119 | | | 55+
64
119 |
27/119 | 55+
64
119 |
2/119 | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Abazinians | Northwest Caucasian | 14 | [5] | 14 | | 14 | | 14 | | 14 | | 14 | [6] | 14 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Abkhaz | Northwest Caucasian | 12 | | 12 | | 12 | | 12 | | 12 | | 12 | | 12 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Altaians | Turkic, Siberia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Altaians (Northern) | Turkic, Siberian | 50 | [7] | 50 | | 50 | | 50 | | | | 50 | | 50 | | 50 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Altaians (Southern) | Turkic, Siberia | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | | | 96 | | | | 96 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Ambalakarar | Dravidian (Southern) | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | | |
|---|
| Amhara | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 48 | [8] | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | | | | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | | | |
|---|
| Andalusians | IE (Romance) | 29 | | 29 | | 103 | | 76 | | | | 93 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | | |
|---|
| Andis | Northeast Caucasian | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Algeria) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 35 | [9] | 35 | | | | 32 | | | | 35 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Algeria - Oran) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 102 | [10] | 102 | | | | 102 | | 102 | | 102 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Bedouin) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | | | 32 | | | | | | | | 32 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Bedouins, Sinai Peninsula) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 147 | [11] | 147 | | 147 | | 147 | | 147 | | 147 | | 147 | | 147 | | 147 | | | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Iraq) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | | | | | | | 218 | | 218 | | 156 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Palestine) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 143 | | 143 | | 143 | | 143 | | | | 143 | | | | | | | | 143 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 44 | | 44 | | 44 | | 49 | | | | 49 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Oman) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 121 | | 121 | | 121 | | 121 | | 121 | | 121 | | 121 | | | | 121 | | 121 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Qatar) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 72 | [12] | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Saudi Arabia) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 157 | [13] | 157 | | 157 | | 157 | | 157 | | 157 | | 157 | | 157 | | 157 | | 157 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (UAE) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 164 | | 164 | | | | 164 | | 164 | | 164 | | 164 | | 164 | | 164 | | 164 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Yemen) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Syria) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 20 | | 20 | | 20 | | 20 | | | | 20 | | 20 | | 20 | | 20 | | 20 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Lebanon) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Sudan) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 102 | | | | 102 | | 102 | | | | 102 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Tunisia) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 148 | | 148 | | 148 | | 148 | | 148 | | 148 | | | | 148 | | 148 | | 148 | | | |
|---|
| Arabs (Libya) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 63 | [14] | 63 | | 63 | | 63 | | 63 | | 63 | | 63 | | | | 63 | | 63 | | | |
|---|
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 89 | | 89 | | 100 | | 89 | | | | 89 | | 100 | | 89 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 734 | [15] | 734 | | | | 734 | | | | | | | | | | | | 734 | | | |
|---|
| Aromanians (Dukasi, Albania) | IE (Romance) | 39 |
1/39 | 39 |
1/39 | 39 |
7/39 | 39 |
7/39 | 39 | | 39 |
19/39 | 39 |
4/39 | 39 | | 39 | | 39 | | | |
|---|
| Aromanians (Andon Poci, Albania) | IE (Romance) | 19 |
7/19 | 19 | | 19 |
8/19 | 19 |
3/19 | 19 | | 19 |
1/19 | 19 | | 19 | | 19 | | 19 | | | |
|---|
| Aromanians (Kruševo, North Macedonia) | IE (Romance) | 43 |
12/43 | 43 |
5/43 | 43 |
9/43 | 43 |
9/43 | 43 | | 43 |
5/19 | 43 |
3/19 | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | | |
|---|
| Aromanians (Štip, North Macedonia) | IE (Romance) | 65 |
15/65 | 65 |
14/65 | 65 |
11/65 | 65 |
12/65 | 65 | | 65 |
13/65 | 65 | | 65 | | 65 | | 65 | | | |
|---|
| Aromanians (Romania) | IE (Romance) | 42 |
10/42 | 42 |
1/42 | 42 |
8/42 | 42 |
3/42 | 42 | | 42 |
14/42 | 42 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Aromanians (Balkan) | IE (Romance) | 39+
19+
43+
65+
42=
208 |
45/208 | 208 |
21/208 | 208 |
43/208 | 208 |
34/208 | 208 | | 208 |
52/208 | 208 |
7/208 | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Ashkenazi Jews | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | | | 79 | [16] | | | 79 |
18/79 | | | 79 |
34/79 | | | | | | | 79 | | | |
|---|
| Ashkenazi Jews | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | | | | | 442 | [17] | 442 |
87/442 | 442 | | 442 |
168/442 | 442 |
43/442 | 442 | | | | 442 | | | |
|---|
| Austrians | IE (Germanic, West) | 219 | | 219 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Avars | Northeast Caucasian | 42 | [18] | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | | | | 42 |
30/42 | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | | | |
|---|
| Azerbaijanis | Turkic, Oghuz | 72 | [19] | 72 | | | | 97 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Azerbaijanis (West Azerbaijan Province) | Turkic, Oghuz | 63 | [20] | 63 | | | | | | | | 63 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Bagvalal | Northeast Caucasian | 28 | | 28 | | 28 | | 28 | | | | 28 | | 28 | | 28 | | 28 | | 28 | | | |
|---|
| Balkarian | Turkic, Kipchak | | | | | | | 39 | | | | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Balkarians | Turkic, Kipchak | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | | |
|---|
| Baloch | IE (Iranian, NW) | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | | |
|---|
| Bashkirs (Perm) | Turkic, Kipchak | 43 |
37/43[21] | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | | |
|---|
| Basque (France, Spain) | Basque (Basque) | 67 |
59/67 | 67 | | 67 |
5/67 | 67 |
1/67 | | | 67 |
2/67 | 67 | | 67 | | 67 | | 67 | | | |
|---|
| German Bavarians | IE (Germanic, West) | 80 |
40/80 | 80 | | | | 80 | | | | 80 | | | | 80 | | 80 | | | | | |
|---|
| Belgians | IE (Germanic/Romance) | 92 |
58/92 | 92 | | | | 92 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 41 | | 41 | | 147 | | 41 | | | | | | | | 41 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 68 | [22] | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | | | | | 68 | | 68 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 306 | [23] | 306 | | | | 306 | | | | 306 | | | | 306 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Bearnais | IE (Romance) | | | | | 26 | | 43 | | | | 26 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Beja | Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) | 42 |
2/42 | 42 | | 42 | | 42 |
22/42 | 42 | | 42 |
16/42 | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | | 42 | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (Marrakesh) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 29 | [24] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (Moyen Atlas) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 69 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (Mozabite) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 64 | | 64 | | 103 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (north Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | 43 | | | | | | 43 | [25] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (north-central Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 63 | | 63 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (central Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | 187 | | | | | | 187 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (southern Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 40 | | 40 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (southern Morocco) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | 65 | | | | | | 65 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (northern Tunisia) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 32 | [26] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Berbers (southern Tunisia) | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | | | | | | | 27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Borgu (Sudan) | Nilo-Saharan (Maban) | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | | |
|---|
| Bosnians (Zenica) | IE (Slavic, South) | 69 |
1/69 | 69 |
17/69 | 69 |
37/69 | 69 |
7/69 | | | 69 | | 69 |
3/69 | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Brahmins (Konkanastha) | IE (Indo-Aryan) | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | | |
|---|
| Brahui | Dravidian (Northern) | | | 110 | [27] | | | 110 | | 110 | | 110 | | | | 110 | | | | 110 | | | |
|---|
| Brahui | Dravidian (Northern) | 25 | [28] | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | | |
|---|
| British | IE (Germanic, West) | 32 |
22/32 | 32 |
3/32 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | | | | | | | | [29] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | | [30] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | | [31] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Burusho | Burushaski (isolate) | 97 | | 97 | | 97 | | 97 | | | | 97 | | 97 | | 97 | | 97 | | 97 | | | |
|---|
| Spanish (Catalan people | Catalans) | IE (Romance) | 24 |
19/24 | 24 | | 32 | | 33 | | | | 28 | | 24 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Cantabrians (Pasiegos) | IE (Romance) | | | | | | | 56 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Chamalins | Northeast Caucasian | 27 | | 27 | | 27 | | 27 | | | | 27 | | 27 | | 27 | | 27 | | 27 | | | |
|---|
| Chechens | Northeast Caucasian | 330 | [32] | 330 | | 330 | | 330 | | | | 330 | | 330 | | 330 | | | | 330 | | | |
|---|
| Chuvashes | Turkic, Oghur | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | | |
|---|
| Copts (Sudan) | Afro-Asiatic | 33 | [33] | | | | | 33 | | | | 33 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Croats (mainland) | IE (Slavic, South) | 108 |
17/108[34] | 108 |
37/108 | 108 |
40/108[35] | 108 |
6/108 | 108 | | 108 |
2/108 | 108 |
1/108 | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Croat (mainland) | IE (Slavic, South) | | | | | 189 |
72/189 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Cross River (Nigeria) | Cross River (NC) | 1113 | [36] | | | | | | | 1113 | | 1113 | | | | | | 1113 | | | | | |
|---|
| Cypriots | IE (Greek) | 45 | | 45 | | | | 45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Czechs | IE (Slavic, West) | | | 257 | [37] | 257 | | 257 | | | | 257 | | 257 | | 257 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Czechs and Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 45 | | 45 | | 198 | | 45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Danes | IE (Germanic, North) | 12 | | 12 | | 194 | | 35 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Dargins | Northeast Caucasian | 68 | | 68 | | | | | | | | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | | |
|---|
| Dargins | Northeast Caucasian | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | 26 | | | |
|---|
| Dolgans | Turkic, Siberia | 67 | | 67 | | 67 | | | | | | | | | | 67 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Druze (Arabs) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | | | | | | | 28 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Dutch | IE (Germanic, West) | 27 | | 27 | | 30 | | 84 | | | | 34 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Egyptians | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 92 | [38] | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | | |
|---|
| Egyptians (North) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | | | 44 | | 43 | | | | 43 | | 43 | | | |
|---|
| Egyptians (South) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | | | 29 | | 29 | | | | 29 | | 29 | | | |
|---|
| English (Central) | IE (Germanic, West) | 215 | | 215 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 207 | | 118 | | 210 | | 207 | | | | 207 | | | | 207 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 57 | | 57 | | | | 57 | | | | | | | | 57 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | | | | | | | | | 38 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| French | IE (Romance) | 23 | | 23 | | 23 | | 40 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Frisians | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | | 94 | | 94 | | 94 | | | | 94 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Frieslanders (Netherlands) | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | [39] | 94 | | 94 | | 94 | | | | 94 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Fur | Nilo-Saharan (Fur) | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | | |
|---|
| Gagauz (Kongaz) | Turkic, Oghuz | 48 | [40] | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | | | | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | | 48 | | | | | |
|---|
| Gagauz (Etulia) | Turkic, Oghuz | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | | | | |
|---|
| IE (Germanic, West) | 3,000+ | [41]
U106=18
L21=5
U152=9
DF27, DF19=9
others=3 | 3,000+ | | 3,000+ |
I1=13
I2=7 | 3,000+ |
V13=5 | | | 3,000+ |
J2=5
J1=1 | 3,000+ | | 3,000+ | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Germans (West) | IE (German) | 48 | | 48 | | 16 | | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Germans (East) | IE (German) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Germans (Berlin) | IE (German) | 103 | [42] | 103 | | 103 | | 103 | | | | | | 103 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Georgians | Kartvelian | 63 | | 63 | | 63 | | 64 | | | | 63 | | 63 | | | | 63 | | 63 | | | |
|---|
| Georgians | Kartvelian | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | 66 | | | |
|---|
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 92 | [43] | 92 | | 92 | | 92 | | | | 92 | | 92 | | | | 92 | | 92 | | | |
|---|
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 77 |
9/77 | 77 |
12/77 | 77 |
15/77 | 77 |
16/77 | 77 | | 77 |
13/77 | 77 |
7/77 | 77 | | 77 | | 77 |
others
5/77 | | |
|---|
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 118 | [44] | 118 | | 261 | | 84 | | | | 92 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Greeks | IE (Greek) | 171 |
23/171[45] | 171 |
19/171 | 171 |
27/171 | 171 |
54/171 | | | 171 |
34/171 | 171 |
8/171 | | | 171 |
3/171 | | | | |
|---|
| Greeks (Crete) | IE (Greek) | 193 |
33/193 | 193 |
17/193 | 193 |
25/193 | 193 |
17/193 | | | 193 |
75/193 | 193 |
21/193 | | | 193 |
4/193 | | | | |
|---|
| Greeks (Crete) | IE (Greek) | 171+
193=
364 |
56/364 | 364 |
36/364 | 364 |
52/364 | 364 |
71/364 | | | 364 |
109/364 | 364 |
29/364 | | | 364 |
7/364 | | | | |
|---|
| Greeks (Peloponnese) | IE (Greek) | | | | | | | 36 |
17/36 | | | 36 |
5/36 | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Greeks (Thrace) | IE (Greek) | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Greeks (North) | IE (Greek) | 96 | =
14/96 | 96 |
18/96 | 96 |
12/96 | 96 |
34/96 | | | | | 96 |
5/96 | | | 96 |
2/96 | 96 |
1/96 | | |
|---|
| Greeks (South) | IE (Greek) | 46 |
9/46 | 46 |
1/46 | 46 |
11/46 | 46 |
20/46 | | | | | 46 |
3/46 | | | 46 |
1/46 | 46 | | | |
|---|
| Greeks (North) + (South) | IE (Greek) | 96+
46=
142 |
23/142 | 96+
46=
142 |
19/142 | 96+
46=
142 |
23/142 | 96+
46=
142 |
54/142 | | | | | 96+
46=
142 |
8/142 | | | 96+
46=
142 |
3/142 | 96+
46=
142 |
1/142 | | |
|---|
| Hausa (Sudan) | Afro-Asiatic (Chadic) | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | | |
|---|
| Herzegovinians (Mostar, Široki Brijeg) | IE (Slavic, South) | 141 |
5/141 | 141 |
17/141 | 141 |
90/141 | 141 |
12/141 | | | 141 |
2/141 | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Hungarians | Uralic (Ugric) | 45 | | 113 | | 162 | | 53 | | | | 49 | | 103 | [46] | 103 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Icelanders | IE (Germanic, North) | 181 |
75/181 | 181 |
43/181 | 181 |
62/181 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Ingush | Northeast Caucasian | 143 | | 143 | | 143 | | 143 | | | | 143 | | 143 | | | | | | 143 | | | |
|---|
| Iranians (North Iran) | IE (Iranian, West) | 33 | [47] | 33 | | 33 | | 33 | | 33 | | 33 | | 33 | | 33 | | 33 | | 33 | | | |
|---|
| Iranians (South Iran) | IE (Iranian, West) | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | 117 | | | |
|---|
| Irish | IE (Celtic) | 222 |
181/222 | 222 | | 222 |
33/222 | 257 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Italians | IE (Romance) | 50 |
31/50[48] | 332 | | 50 | | 99 | | | | | | 50 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Italians (Calabria) | IE (Romance) | 37 | | | | 148 | | 80 | | | | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Italians (Apulia) | IE (Romance) | | | | | 78 | | 86 | | | | 86 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Italians (North-central) | IE (Romance) | 50 | | | | 390 | | 212 | | | | 52 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Italians (South) | IE (Romance) | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | | | | | 68 | | | | 68 | | 68 | | | |
|---|
| Italians (Sicily) | IE (Romance) | | | | | 51 | | 55 | | | | 42 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Italians (East Sicily) | IE (Romance) | 87 | | 87 | | 87 | | 87 | | | | | | 87 | | | | 87 | | 87 | | | |
|---|
| Italians (West Sicily) | IE (Romance) | 125 | | 125 | | 125 | | 125 | | | | | | 125 | | | | 125 | | 125 | | | |
|---|
| Iyengar | Dravidian (Southern) | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | | |
|---|
| Iyer | Dravidian (Southern) | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | | |
|---|
| Japan | | 2390 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2390 | [49] | | | | | | |
|---|
| Kabardinian | Northwest Caucasian | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Kalash (Pakistan) | IE (Dardic) | | | 44 | | 44 | | 44 | | | | 44 | | 44 | | 44 | | 44 | | 44 | | | |
|---|
| Karakalpaks | Turkic, Kipchak | 44 | | 44 | | 44 | | 44 | | | | | | | | | | | | 44 | | | |
|---|
| Kazakhs (more) | Turkic | 1982 | [50] | 1982 | | 1982 | | | | | | 1982 | | | | 1982 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Kazakhs (more) | Turkic, Kipchak | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | | | 38 | | | | 54 | | 54 | | | | | |
|---|
| Khants | Uralic (Ugric) | 47 |
9/47 | 47 |
2/47 | 47 | | | | | | | | | | 47 |
36/47 | | | | | | |
|---|
| Komi | Uralic (Finnic) | 94 | | 94 | | 94 | | | | | | | | | | 94 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Komi (Izhemsky) | Uralic (Finnic) | 54 | [51] | 54 |
16/54 | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 |
37/54 | 54 | | 54 | | | |
|---|
| Komi (Priluzsky) | Uralic (Finnic) | 49 | | 49 |
16/49 | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 |
30/49 | 49 | | 49 | | | |
|---|
| Kumyks | Turkic, Kipchak | 76 | | 76 | | 76 | | 76 | | | | 76 | | 76 | | 76 | | 76 | | 76 | | | |
|---|
| Kurds (Northern Iraq) | IE (Iranian, NW) | 95 | | 95 | | 95 | | 95 | | | | 95 | | | | | | 95 | | 95 | | | |
|---|
| Kyrgyz | Turkic, Kipchak | 52 | [52] | 52 | | 52 | | 52 | | | | 41 | | | | 41 | | | | 52 | | | |
|---|
| Latvians | IE (Baltic) | 34 | | 114 | | 86 | | 114 | | | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Lebanese | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 1,116 | & Haber2011[53] | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | 1,116 | & Haber2011 | | |
|---|
| Lebanese | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 914 | [54] | 914 | | 914 | | 914 | | 914 | | 914 | | 914 | | 914 | | 914 | | 914 | | | |
|---|
| Lezgins | Northeast Caucasian | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | | |
|---|
| Lithuanians | IE (Baltic) | 38 | | 114 | [55] | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Macedonians (Skopje) | IE (Slavic, South) | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | 79 | | | | 79 | [56] [57] | 79 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Macedonians (Skopje) | IE (Slavic, South) | 52 | | 52 | | 52 | | 52 | | | | 52 | | 52 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Macedonian Romani (Skopje) | IE (Indo-Aryan) | 57 | | 57 | | 57 | | 57 | | | | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Maltese | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 187 | | 187 | | 187 | | 187 | | | | | | 187 | | | | 187 | | 187 | | | |
|---|
| Maratha | IE (Indo-Aryan) | 20 | | 20 | | | | 20 | | 20 | | 20 | | | | | | | | 20 | | | |
|---|
| Melanesia | Oceanic, Papuan | 1272 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Moldovans (Karahasani) | IE (Romance) | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | 72 | | | | | |
|---|
| Moldovans (Sofia) | IE (Romance) | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | | | | |
|---|
| Erzya | Uralic (Finnic) | | | 46 | [58] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Moksha | Uralic (Finnic) | | | 46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Moksha | Uralic (Finnic) | 83 | | 83 | | 83 | | | | | | | | | | 83 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 111 | | 111 | | 111 | | | | | | | | | | 111 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 48 | | 48 | | | | 48 | | | | 48 | | | | 48 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Masalit | Nilo-Saharan (Maban) | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 |
23/32 | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | 32 | | | |
|---|
| Moroccans | Afro-Asiatic (Berber) | 760 | [59] | 760 | | 760 | | 760 | | 760 | | 760 | | 760 | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| | 530 | [60] | 530 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Norwegians | IE (Germanic, North) | 112 | | 112 | | 72 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Norwegians | IE (Germanic, North) | | | 52 | | | | 52 | | | | 52 | | | | 52 | | 52 | | 52 | | | |
|---|
| Nubians (Sudan) | Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic) | 39 | | 39 | | 39 | | 39 | | 39 | | 39 | | | | 39 | | 39 | | 39 | | | |
|---|
| Orcadians | IE (Celtic/Germanic) | 71 |
47/71 | 71 |
14/71 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Oromo | Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) | 78 | | 78 | | 78 | | 78 |
62/78 | | | 78 | | 78 | | 78 | | 78 | | 78 | | | |
|---|
| Ossetians | IE (Iranian, NE) | 47 | | 47 | | | | 47 | | | | 47 | | | [61] | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Pallan | Dravidian (Southern) | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | | |
|---|
| Pashtuns | IE (Iranian, SE) | 96 | [62] | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | | |
|---|
| Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 55 | | 55 | | 191 | | 99 | | | | 97 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 93 | | 93 | | 93 | | | | | | | | | | 93 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Portuguese | IE (Romance) | | | | | 303 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Portuguese (South) | IE (Romance) | 57 | | 57 | | | | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Portuguese (North) | IE (Romance) | 328 | | 328 | | | | 328 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Rajputs | IE (Indo-Aryan) | 29 | | 29 | | | | 29 | | 29 | | 29 | | | | | | | | 29 | | | |
|---|
| Romani (Gypsy) | IE (Indo-Aryan) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Romanians | IE (Romance) | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | | | | |
|---|
| Romanians | IE (Romance) | | | | | 361 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Romanians (Constanța) | IE (Romance) | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | | |
|---|
| Romanians (Ploiești) | IE (Romance) | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | 36 | | | |
|---|
| Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 122 | | 122 | | | | 122 | | | | 122 | | | | 122 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 414 | [63] | 414 | | 414 | | 414 | | 414 | | 414 | | 414 | | 414 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians (Northern)(Arkhangelsk region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | 114 | | | |
|---|
| Russians (Central) | IE (Slavic, East) | 364 | [64] | 364 | | 364 | | 364 | | 364 | | 364 | | 364 | | 364 | | 364 | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians (Southerns) | IE (Slavic, East) | 484 | | 484 | | 484 | | 484 | | 484 | | 484 | | 484 | | 484 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians(Oryol region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 110 | | 110 | | 110 | | 110 | | 110 | | 110 | | 110 | | 110 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians(Voronezh region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | 96 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians(Tver region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians (Kuban Cossacks) | IE (Slavic, East) | 90 | | 90 | | 90 | | 90 | | 90 | | 90 | | 90 | | 90 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Russians (Novgorod region) | IE (Slavic, East) | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Sami (Sweden) | Uralic (Finnic) | 38 | [65] | 38 |
6/38 | 38 |
12/38 | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 | | 38 |
17/38 | 38 | | 38 | | | |
|---|
| Sami | Uralic (Finnic) | 127 | | 127 | | 35 | | | | | | [66] | | | | 127 |
60/127 | | | | | | |
|---|
| Saharawis (Western Sahara) | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | | | | | | | 29 |
23/29 | 29 | | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Sardinians (Italy) | IE (Romance) | 77 | | | | 142 | | 139 | | | | 144 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Sardinians (Northern Sardinia) | IE (Romance) | 86 | | 86 | | 86 | | 86 | | | | | | 86 | | | | 86 | | 86 | | | |
|---|
| Sardinians (Southern Sardinia) | IE (Romance) | 187 | | 187 | | 187 | | 187 | | | | | | 187 | | | | 187 | | 187 | | | |
|---|
| Scots | IE (Celtic) | 61 |
47/61 | 61 | | 178 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Serbs (Serbia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 113 | | 113 | | 113 |
41/113 | 113 | | | | 113 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Serbs (Bosnia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 81 | | 81 | | 81 |
33/81 | 81 |
8/81 | 81 | | 81 | | 81 | | 81 | | 81 | | 81 | | | |
|---|
| Slovenians | IE (Slavic, South) | 75 |
16/75 | 75 |
29/75 | 75 |
23/75 | 75 | | 75 | | 75 | | 75 | | 75 | | 75 | | 75 | | | |
|---|
| Slovenian | IE (Slavic, South) | | | 70 |
26/70[67] | | | 70 | | | | 70 | | | | 70 | | 70 | | 70 | | | |
|---|
| Slovenian | IE (Slavic, South) | | | | | 55 |
21/55[68] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Dir and Isaaq | Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) | 201 | [69] | 201 | | 201 | | 201 |
156/201 | 201 | | 201 | | 201 | | 201 | | 201 | | 201 | | | |
|---|
| Spanish | IE (Romance) | 126 | | 126 | | | | 126 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Spanish (Ibiza) | IE (Romance) | 54 |
31/54[70] | 54 | | 54 | | 54 | | | | | | 54 | | | | 54 | | 54 | | | |
|---|
| Spanish (Majorca) | IE (Romance) | 62 |
41/62 | 62 | | 62 | | 62 | | | | | | 62 | | | | 62 | | 62 | | | |
|---|
| Spanish (Menorca) | IE (Romance) | 37 |
27/37 | 37 | | 37 | | 37 | | | | | | 37 | | | | 37 | | 37 | | | |
|---|
| Spanish (South) | IE (Romance) | 162 | | 162 | | 162 | | 162 | | | | | | 162 | | | | 162 | | 162 | | | |
|---|
| Spanish (Valencia) | IE (Romance) | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | 73 | | | | | | 73 | | | | 73 | | 73 | | | |
|---|
| Swedes (Northern) | IE (Germanic, North) | 48 | | 48 | | 57 | | 48 | | | | 48 | | | | 48 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 110 | | 110 | | 225 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 160 | [71] | 160 | | 160 | | 160 | | | | 160 | | | | 160 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Swiss | IE (German/Romance) | | | | | 144 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Tabassarans | Northeast Caucasian | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | 43 | | | |
|---|
| Tamil Nadu (India) | Dravidian | 1680 | | 1680 | [72] | | | 1680 | | 1680 | | 1680 | | 1680 | | | | | | 1680 | | 1680 | |
|---|
| Tatars | Turkic, Kipchak | 126 | [73] | 126 | | 126 | | | | | | | | | | 126 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Turkmens | Turkic, Oghuz | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | | | | 21 | | | | 21 | | | | 30 | | | |
|---|
| Turks | Turkic, Oghuz | 523 | [74] | 523 | | 741 | | 523 | | | | 523 | | 523 | | 523 | | 523 | | 523 | | | |
|---|
| Turks | Turkic, Oghuz | 167 | | 167 | | | | 167 | | | | 167 | | | | 167 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Turks | Turkic, Oghuz | 59 | | 59 | | 59 | | 59 | | | | 59 | | 59 | | | | 59 | | 59 | | | |
|---|
| Turks (Central Anatolia) | Turkic, Oghuz | | | | | | | 61 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Turks (Istanbul) | Turkic, Oghuz | | | | | | | 46 | | | | 73 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Turks (Konya) | Turkic, Oghuz | | | | | | | 117 | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Turks (Cypriot) | Turkic, Oghuz | | | | | | | 46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Turks (Southeastern) | Turkic, Oghuz | | | | | | | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Turks (Erzurum) | Turkic, Oghuz | | | | | | | 25 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Udmurt | Uralic (Finnic) | 87 | | 87 | | 87 | | | | | | | | | | 87 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 50 | | 50 | | 50 | | 50 | | | | 50 | | 50 | | 50 | | 50 | | 50 | | | |
|---|
| Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 53 | | 53 | | 53 | | 93 | | | | 53 | | 53 | | 53 | | 53 | | | | | |
|---|
| Uyghurs (Kazakhstan) | Turkic, Karluk | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | 33 | [75] | | | 41 | | 41 | | 41 | | | |
|---|
| Uyghurs (Xinjiang) | Turkic, Karluk | 68 | [76] | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | 68 | | 67 | [77] | 67 | | 68 | | | |
|---|
| Uyghurs (Ürümqi) | Turkic, Karluk | 49 | [78] | 49 | | | | 49 | | 49 | | 49 | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Uyghurs (Northwest China) | Turkic, Karluk | | | 50 | [79] | doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.30, Link to the table of haplogroup distribution and Y-chromosome diversity in 14 northwestern populations | | | | | | | 50 | | | | 50 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Uyghurs (Ürümqi) | Turkic, Karluk | 31 | [80] | 31 | | | | 31 | | | | 31 | | | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | | |
|---|
| Uyghurs (Yili) | Turkic, Karluk | 39 | | 39 | | | | 39 | | | | 39 | | | | 39 | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Uzbeks | Turkic, Karluk | 366 | | 366 | | 366 | | 366 | | | | 28 | | | | 28 | | | | 366 | | | |
|---|
| Vanniyar | Dravidian (Southern) | 25 | | 25 | | | | 25 | | 25 | | 25 | | | | | | | | 25 | | | |
|---|
| Vellalar | Dravidian (Southern) | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | 31 | | | |
|---|
| Welsh (Anglesey) | IE (Celtic) | 88 |
78/88[81] | 88 | | 196 | | 88 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| Yagnobis | IE (Iranian, NE) | 31 |
10/31 | 31 |
5/31 | 31 | | 31 | | | | 31 |
10/31 | 31 | | | | | | 31 |
3/31 | | |
|---|
| Yakuts | Turkic, Siberia | 155 | | 155 | | 155 | | | | | | | | | | 155 |
137/155 | | | | | | |
|---|
| Yakuts | Turkic, Siberia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10 |
8/10[82] | | | | | | |
|---|
| Population | Language family | n | R1b | n | R1a | n | I | n | E1b1b | n | E1b1a | n | J | n | G | n | N | n | T | n | L | n | H | |
|---|
See also
External links
Notes and References
- IE=Indo-European
- First column gives the amount of total Sample Size studied
- Second column gives the Percentage of the particular haplogroup among the Sample Size
- Bosch . E. . Calafell . F. . González-Neira . A. . Flaiz . C . Mateu . E. . Scheil . H. G. . Huckenbeck . W. . Efremovska . L. . Mikerezi . I. . Xirotiris . N. . Grasa . C. . Schmidt . H. . Comas . D. . 8 . 2006 . Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns . Annals of Human Genetics . 70 . Pt 4 . 459–87 . 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x . 16759179. 23156886 .
- Nasidze et al., (2004)Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
- Although the chart here says J, this group has mainly only J2
- Khar'kov . VN . Stepanov . VA . Medvedeva . OF . Spiridonova . MG . Voevoda . MI . Tadinova . VN . Puzyrev . VP . 2007 . Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups . Genetika . 43 . 5 . 675–87 . 17633562 . 10.1134/S1022795407050110. 566825 .
- Semino . O . Santachiara-Benerecetti . AS . Falaschi . F . Cavalli-Sforza . LL . Underhill . PA . 2002 . Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny . American Journal of Human Genetics . 70 . 1 . 265–8 . 10.1086/338306 . 384897 . 11719903.
- Arredi . B . Poloni . ES . Paracchini . S . Zerjal . T . Fathallah . DM . Makrelouf . M . Pascali . VL . Novelletto . A . Tyler-Smith . C . 2004 . A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa . American Journal of Human Genetics . 75 . 2 . 338–45 . 10.1086/423147 . 1216069 . 15202071.
- Robino . C . Crobu . F . Di Gaetano . C . Bekada . A . Benhamamouch . S . Cerutti . N . Piazza . A . Inturri . S . Torre . C . 2008 . Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample . International Journal of Legal Medicine . 122 . 3 . 251–5 . 10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5 . 17909833. 11556974 .
- Luis . JR . Rowold . DJ . 532–44 . Regueiro . M . Caeiro . B . Cinnioğlu . C . Roseman . C . Underhill . PA . Cavalli-Sforza . LL . Herrera . RJ . 2004 . The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations . American Journal of Human Genetics . 74 . 3 . 10.1086/382286 . 1182266 . 14973781 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120216123633/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p000-0130.pdf . February 16, 2012 . dead. (Errata)
- Cadenas . Alicia M . Zhivotovsky . Lev A . Cavalli-Sforza . Luca L . Underhill . PA . Herrera . RJ . 2008 . Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman . European Journal of Human Genetics . 16 . 3 . 374–86 . 17928816 . 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934. free .
- Abu-Amero . KK . Hellani . A . González . AM . Larruga . JM . Cabrera . VM . Underhill . PA . 2009 . Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions . BMC Genetics . 10 . 59 . 2759955 . 19772609 . 10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 . free .
- U.-D. Immela, M. Erhumab, T. Mustafac, M. Kleibera and M. Klintschara, "Population genetic analysis in a Libyan population using the PowerPlex 16 system," International Congress Series Volume 1288, April 2006, Pages 421-423
- Michael E. Weale, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Rolf F. Jager, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Armine Khudoyan, Oliver Burbage-Hall, Neil Bradman, Mark G. Thomas, "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group," Human Genetics (2001) 109 : 659–674.
- Nebel . A . Filon . D . Brinkmann . B . Majumder . PP . Faerman . M . Oppenheim . A . 2001 . The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East . American Journal of Human Genetics . 69 . 5 . 1095–112 . 10.1086/324070 . 1274378 . 11573163 .
- Doron M. Behar, Daniel Garrigan, Matthew E. Kaplan et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations," Human Genetics (2004) 114 : 354–365.
- Yunusbaev 2006
- Nasidze2001
- grugni2012
- Lobov. Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
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