Xylaria culleniae explained

Xylaria culleniae is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. This species known to grow on dried fruits and seeds.

Taxonomy

Xylaria culleniae belongs to the family Xylariaceae.[1] [2] The species grows on fruits[3] and seeds are generally considered as host-specific. This species was collected from Sri Lanka during July 1868[4] by George Gardner (botanist) and George Henry Kendrick Thwaites[5] who was superintendent of the botanical gardens at Peradeniya, Ceylon. The specimens were sent for identification to Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew[6] in 1872. There English botanists and mycologists Miles Joseph Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome described this species in 1873.

Distribution

This species is reported from Sri Lanka, China,[7] Thailand[8] [9] [10] and Anaimalai Hills Southern Western Ghats, India.[11] This species is also known to occur in Central America, South America and Africa.[12]

Description

The fruit bodies are erect, elongated black branches, whitened from midway to tips. The hairs of stem is septate. The ascospores (fruit bodies) of X. culleniae relatively smaller and the stromata are generally less robust. Spore dimensions are 8.5-9.5 X 3.5-4.5 μm. Sporidia .016 X .005 - .006 mm.[13] Color of the spores are brown and are ellipsoid or inequilateral in shape. Germ slit is straight and long. Length of stroma is up to 7 cm. Stromata unbranched or branched, cylindrical, long conical. Texture soft. Perithecia 0.1-0.3 mm diam. Ostioles minutely papillate.

Hosts plants

X. culleniae are recorded growing on Cullenia exarillata pods[14] hence the species name culleniae. It is assumed to be host-specific, however it has been recorded growing on and Inga sp. fruits which is a Legume. Hence their host specificity is uncertain.[15]

See also

Cullenia exarillata

External links

GBIF

Notes and References

  1. Web site: BioLib: Biological library. www.biolib.cz.
  2. U’Ren. Jana M.. Miadlikowska. Jolanta. Zimmerman. Naupaka B.. Lutzoni. François. Stajich. Jason E.. Arnold. A. Elizabeth. 1 May 2016. Contributions of North American endophytes to the phylogeny, ecology, and taxonomy of Xylariaceae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 98. 210–232. en. 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.010. 26903035. free.
  3. Lloyd. C. G.. Stevenson. John A.. 1920. Mycological writings of C. G. Lloyd.. 6. 14 February 2022.
  4. Berkeley, M. J . Broome, C.E . The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. . 1875 . 14. 14 February 2022 . Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green.
  5. Thwaites, George Henry Kendrick (1812–1882) on JSTOR . plants.jstor.org . 14 February 2022.
  6. Karunarathna . Samantha C. . Mortimer . Peter E. . Xu . Jianchu . Hyde . Kevin D. . Overview of Research of Mushrooms in Sri Lanka . Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana . 2017 . 40 . 4 . 399–403 . 10.35196/rfm.2017.4.399-403 . 134437435 . 14 February 2022 . en. free .
  7. Huang . Gu . Guo . Lin . Liu . Na . Two new species of Xylaria and X. diminuta new to China . Mycotaxon . 19 November 2014 . 129 . 1 . 149–152 . 10.5248/129.149 . free .
  8. Pan . Xiao-Yan . Song . Zi-Kun . Qu . Zhi . Liu . Tie-Dong . Ma . Hai-Xia . Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park . MycoKeys . 1 December 2022 . 86 . 47–63 . 10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623 . 35095304 . 8770429 . 245925735 . en . 1314-4049 . free .
  9. Hsieh . Huei-Mei . Lin . Chun-Ru . Fang . Mei-Jane . Rogers . Jack D. . Fournier . Jacques . Lechat . Christian . Ju . Yu-Ming . Phylogenetic status of Xylaria subgenus Pseudoxylaria among taxa of the subfamily Xylarioideae (Xylariaceae) and phylogeny of the taxa involved in the subfamily . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 1 March 2010 . 54 . 3 . 957–969 . 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.015 . 20035889 . 14 February 2022 . en . 1055-7903.
  10. Mekkamol S. 1998. Endophytic fungi of Tectona grandis L (Teak). PhD Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
  11. Web site: Raman . T. R. Shankar . Xylaria culleniae . iNaturalist . en . 10 January 2022.
  12. Rogers . Jack D. . Xylaria magnoliae sp.nov. and comments on several other fruit-inhabiting species . Canadian Journal of Botany . 29 January 2011 . 57 . 8 . 941–945 . 10.1139/b79-115 . 14 February 2022 . en.
  13. Cooke, M.C. (1883). On Xylaria and its allies. Grevillea. Volume XI. No. 59. Page. 83
  14. Ma. Hai-Xia. Song. Zi-Kun. Pan. Xiao-Yan. Qu. Zhi. Ma. Si-Yu. Yang. Zhan-En. Zhang. Bo. Li. Yu. 14 February 2022. Phylogeny and Taxonomic of Xylaria Associated With Fallen Fruits and Seeds in China. 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1081502/v1 . 244413071 . en. 14 February 2022.
  15. Ju . Yu-Ming . Rogers . Jack D. . Hsieh . Huei-Mei . Xylaria species associated with fallen fruits and seeds . Mycologia . 4 July 2018 . 110 . 4 . 726–749 . 10.1080/00275514.2018.1469879 . 30067469 . 51895543 . 14 February 2022 . 0027-5514.

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